Predictive Modeling of Short-Term Poor Prognosis of Successful Reperfusion after Endovascular Treatment in Patients with Anterior Circulation Acute Ischemic Stroke
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of included patients in the training set.
Characteristic
Total (n = 248)
Group
Statistic
P
Good prognosis
Poor prognosis
(n = 142)
(n = 106)
Age, year, (Mean ± SD)
59.86 ± 10.80
58.94 ± 10.90
61.09 ± 10.59
t = −1.56
0.121
Sex, n (%)
χ2 = 0.066
0.797
Male
159 (64.11)
92 (64.79)
67 (63.21)
Female
89 (35.89)
50 (35.21)
39 (36.79)
BMI, kg/m2, n (%)
Z = 0.880
0.379
Underweight
3 (1.21)
1 (0.70)
2 (1.89)
Normal
109 (43.95)
66 (46.48)
43 (40.57)
Overweight
118 (47.58)
67 (47.18)
51 (48.11)
Obese
18 (7.26)
8 (5.63)
10 (9.43)
Smoking history, n (%)
χ2 = 0.477
0.490
No
184 (74.19)
103 (72.54)
81 (76.42)
Yes
64 (25.81)
39 (27.46)
25 (23.58)
Stroke history, n (%)
χ2 = 0.022
0.882
No
186 (75.00)
106 (74.65)
80 (75.47)
Yes
62 (25.00)
36 (25.35)
26 (24.53)
Antiplatelet therapy history, n (%)
χ2 = 0.020
0.888
No
179 (72.18)
102 (71.83)
77 (72.64)
Yes
69 (27.82)
40 (28.17)
29 (27.36)
NIHSS, Mean ± SD
5.00 (4.00, 7.00)
5.00 (3.00, 6.00)
6.00 (4.00, 8.00)
Z = 3.981
<0.001
Severity of stroke, n (%)
Z = 3.179
0.001
Mild
99 (39.92)
68 (47.89)
31 (29.25)
Moderate
139 (56.05)
71 (50.00)
68 (64.15)
Moderate to severe
10 (4.03)
3 (2.11)
7 (6.60)
Level of consciousness, n (%)
Z = 3.809
<0.001
No
229 (92.34)
139 (97.89)
90 (84.91)
Mild
16 (6.45)
3 (2.11)
13 (12.26)
Moderate
3 (1.21)
0 (0.00)
3 (2.83)
Baseline blood pressure
SBP, mmHg, Mean ± SD
151.21 ± 25.10
146.82 ± 23.33
157.08 ± 26.26
t = −3.24
0.001
DBP, mmHg, Mean ± SD
87.35 ± 13.53
84.70 ± 12.28
90.90 ± 14.34
t = −3.66
<0.001
MAP, mmHg, Mean ± SD
108.46 ± 15.42
105.18 ± 13.76
112.85 ± 16.47
t = −3.89
<0.001
Comorbidities, n (%)
Diabetes mellitus
84 (33.87)
47 (33.10)
37 (34.91)
χ2 = 0.088
0.766
Hypertension
169 (68.15)
94 (66.20)
75 (70.75)
χ2 = 0.581
0.446
Dyslipidemia
13 (5.24)
9 (6.34)
4 (3.77)
χ2 = 0.804
0.370
Coronary heart disease
37 (14.92)
18 (12.68)
19 (17.92)
χ2 = 1.317
0.251
Blood glucose, mmol/L, M (Q1, Q3)
5.36 (4.66, 6.86)
5.21 (4.51, 6.20)
5.77 (4.79, 7.63)
Z = 2.651
0.008
HB, g/L, mean ± SD
134.49 ± 17.17
134.46 ± 15.80
134.53 ± 18.93
t = −0.03
0.973
RBC, 1012/L, mean ± SD
4.36 ± 0.54
4.36 ± 0.53
4.36 ± 0.55
t = −0.04
0.964
WBC 109/L mean ± SD
7.07 ± 2.11
6.92 ± 2.07
7.28 ± 2.15
t = −1.34
0.181
PLT, 109/L, M (Q1, Q3)
219.50 (177.00, 259.00)
219.00 (176.00, 264.00)
220.50 (179.00, 255.00)
Z = −0.064
0.949
NEUT, 109/L, M (Q1, Q3)
4.34 (3.40, 5.40)
4.14 (3.29, 5.19)
4.58 (3.53, 5.61)
Z = 1.910
0.056
LYM, 109/L, M (Q1, Q3)
1.66 (1.29, 2.01)
1.69 (1.29, 2.00)
1.56 (1.28, 2.06)
Z = −0.889
0.374
NLR, M (Q1, Q3)
2.66 (1.90, 3.56)
2.50 (1.90, 3.28)
2.86 (1.87, 4.34)
Z = 1.732
0.083
MONO, 109/L, M (Q1, Q3)
0.46 (0.36, 0.58)
0.45 (0.37, 0.57)
0.46 (0.33, 0.60)
Z = 0.053
0.958
TC, mmol/L, M (Q1, Q3)
3.38 (2.75, 4.30)
3.39 (2.67, 4.29)
3.38 (2.80, 4.32)
Z = 0.704
0.481
TG, mmol/L, M (Q1, Q3)
1.21 (0.90, 1.68)
1.22 (0.90, 1.75)
1.17 (0.90, 1.65)
Z = −0.571
0.568
LDL-C, mmol/L, M (Q1, Q3)
1.92 (1.44, 2.76)
1.85 (1.31, 2.70)
1.96 (1.54, 2.80)
Z = 1.089
0.276
HDL-C, mmol/L, Mean ± SD
1.04 ± 0.27
1.05 ± 0.28
1.04 ± 0.24
t = 0.25
0.801
CRP, mg/L, M (Q1, Q3)
1.70 (0.93, 3.10)
1.65 (0.92, 2.90)
2.06 (0.98, 5.12)
Z = 1.383
0.167
Infarct volume, cm3, M (Q1, Q3)
3.10 (2.10, 3.80)
2.75 (1.80, 3.70)
3.55 (2.60, 4.70)
Z = 4.074
<0.001
ASPECTS, mean ± SD
7.17 ± 0.88
7.25 ± 0.84
7.08 ± 0.92
t = 1.52
0.129
OTT, min, M (Q1, Q3)
320.00 (255.00, 420.00)
320.00 (250.00, 420.00)
315.00 (260.00, 432.00)
Z = 0.105
0.917
ORT, min, mean ± SD
771.81 ± 174.17
763.30 ± 165.75
783.21 ± 185.05
t = −0.89
0.374
NIHSS-ORT, M (Q1, Q3)
62.84 (44.09, 86.00)
57.33 (42.67, 74.17)
78.00 (48.50, 110.83)
Z = 3.956
<0.001
ASPECTS-ORT, mean ± SD
91.83 ± 21.81
91.98 ± 21.95
91.64 ± 21.72
t = 0.12
0.901
Treatment methods, n (%)
Fisher
0.041
Angioplasty
212 (85.48)
129 (90.85)
83 (78.30)
Endovascular mechanical thrombectomy
18 (7.26)
7 (4.93)
11 (10.38)
Thrombus aspiration
14 (5.65)
5 (3.52)
9 (8.49)
Others
4 (1.61)
1 (0.70)
3 (2.83)
Intravenous thrombolysis, n (%)
χ2 = 1.217
0.270
No
234 (94.35)
132 (92.96)
102 (96.23)
Yes
14 (5.65)
10 (7.04)
4 (3.77)
Intraoperative blood pressure
Mean SBP, mmHg, mean ± SD
136.41 ± 20.98
138.88 ± 20.21
133.09 ± 21.61
t = 2.16
0.031
Mean DBP, mmHg, mean ± SD
78.63 ± 11.96
79.25 ± 11.51
77.78 ± 12.55
t = 0.96
0.339
Intraoperative MAP, mmHg, mean ± SD
97.77 ± 13.53
99.04 ± 12.70
96.06 ± 14.46
t = 1.73
0.086
Minimum MAP, mmHg, mean ± SD
82.62 ± 16.21
87.68 ± 14.96
75.85 ± 15.39
t = 6.09
<0.001
Intraoperative hypotension, n (%)
χ2 = 25.305
<0.001
No
167 (67.34)
114 (80.28)
53 (50.00)
Yes
81 (32.66)
28 (19.72)
53 (50.00)
MAP decreased from baseline, n (%)
χ2 = 35.662
<0.001
≤40%
210 (84.68)
137 (96.48)
73 (68.87)
>40%
38 (15.32)
5 (3.52)
33 (31.13)
Time when decrease >40%, M (Q1, Q3)
55.00 (29.00, 80.00)
38.00 (30.00, 80.00)
55.00 (29.00, 77.00)
Z = 0.000
1.000
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MAP, mean arterial pressure; HB, hemoglobin; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; PLT, platelet; NEUT, neutrophil; LYM, lymphocyte; NLR, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio; MONO, monocyte; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CRP, C-reactive protein; ASPECTS, Alberta stroke program early CT score; OTT, onset-to-treatment time; ORT, onset-to-reperfusion time; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. BMI: Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), Normal (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI < 24.0 kg/m2), Overweight (24 kg/m2 ≤ BMI <; 28.0 kg/m2), Obese (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2).
