Ultrasound Calibration for Dual-Armed Surgical Navigation System

Figure 8

The system verification with the positioning errors. (a) The ultrasound image calibration results, including the x-axis, y-axis, z-axis, and distance errors. (b) Dual robotic arm calibration results in three independent experiments. (c) The system verification with image-guided stylus pointing, including the x-axis, y-axis, z-axis, and distance errors.

(a)

(b)

(c)