[Retracted] Discovering Knee Osteoarthritis Imaging Features for Diagnosis and Prognosis: Review of Manual Imaging Grading and Machine Learning Approaches

Table 1

Radiological OA features.

OA features	Description
Joint space narrowing (JSN) [18]	Usually asymmetric, commonly happens at medial tibiofemoral and patellofemoral compartments
Osteophyte formation [18]	Formation of bone spurs
Cyst/geode formation [18]	Formation of fluid-filled cavities when synovial fluid is forced into subchondral bone
Subchondral sclerosis [18]	Increased bone density or thickening of bone when bone grows in the area originally belongs to cartilage
Coronal tibiofemoral subluxation [18–21]	Misaligned joint surface, causing altered shape of femoral condyles and tibial plateau