Influences of Heider Balance on Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, and Quality of Life in Bladder Cancer Patients after Urinary Diversion

Table 3

Comparisons of quality of life between the two groups ().

Domain	Before discharge				At 6 months after discharge
	Observation group (n = 85)	Control group (n = 85)	t		Observation group (n = 85)	Control group (n = 85)	t
Physical health
Pain and discomfort	13.99 ± 3.04	13.72 ± 3.20	0.565	0.573	11.55 ± 2.88	12.22 ± 2.72	1.561	0.120
Energy and fatigue	13.12 ± 2.95	13.28 ± 2.15	0.415	0.678	15.26 ± 2.84	14.25 ± 2.04	2.666	0.008
Sleep and rest	12.92 ± 3.12	12.13 ± 3.26	1.611	0.109	14.94 ± 2.05	13.95 ± 2.89	2.571	0.011
Psychological
Positive feelings	10.13 ± 2.83	9.84 ± 2.44	0.725	0.469	14.41 ± 3.09	13.00 ± 3.12	2.961	0.004
Thinking, learning, memory and concentration	13.56 ± 3.14	13.24 ± 3.32	0.665	0.507	14.61 ± 2.41	13.11 ± 3.22	3.453	0.001
Self-esteem	12.32 ± 3.25	12.56 ± 3.01	0.514	0.608	14.15 ± 2.00	12.71 ± 2.39	4.279	<0.001
Body image and appearance	9.11 ± 1.51	8.73 ± 1.56	1.597	0.112	13.85 ± 3.28	12.35 ± 3.72	2.781	0.006
Negative feelings	13.80 ± 3.31	13.87 ± 2.99	0.146	0.884	11.79 ± 2.42	13.31 ± 2.81	3.775	<0.001
Independence level
Mobility	10.81 ± 2.78	10.78 ± 2.11	0.093	0.926	13.89 ± 2.83	12.01 ± 2.24	4.807	<0.001
Activities of daily living	11.84 ± 2.53	12.36 ± 2.79	1.295	0.197	15.00 ± 3.20	12.38 ± 2.62	5.850	<0.001
Dependence on medical support	15.24 ± 2.92	14.48 ± 3.11	1.626	0.106	11.66 ± 2.78	13.60 ± 3.24	4.194	<0.001
Work capacity	12.09 ± 2.65	12.41 ± 2.81	0.758	0.450	11.75 ± 3.04	12.36 ± 3.37	1.243	0.216
Social relations
Personal relationships	13.91 ± 2.84	13.76 ± 3.12	0.309	0.758	16.52 ± 2.10	15.36 ± 2.41	3.324	0.001
Social support	13.55 ± 3.15	13.75 ± 3.31	0.404	0.687	16.78 ± 2.36	15.14 ± 3.09	3.873	<0.001
Sexual activity	12.87 ± 2.96	13.38 ± 2.69	1.165	0.246	9.01 ± 2.40	9.52 ± 2.76	1.274	0.205
Environment
Physical safety and security	12.81 ± 2.64	13.04 ± 2.47	0.570	0.570	12.05 ± 3.33	11.74 ± 3.39	0.593	0.554
Home environment	12.34 ± 2.83	12.28 ± 2.82	0.136	0.892	12.28 ± 2.80	12.80 ± 2.95	1.174	0.242
Financial resources	13.71 ± 3.14	13.07 ± 3.17	1.313	0.191	13.61 ± 2.95	12.94 ± 3.17	1.429	0.155
Health and social care: availability and quality	11.99 ± 3.50	12.12 ± 3.19	0.252	0.801	14.08 ± 2.80	11.73 ± 3.18	5.118	<0.001
Opportunities to get new information/skills	9.93 ± 2.59	10.35 ± 2.97	0.989	0.324	10.93 ± 3.07	12.54 ± 3.40	3.244	0.001
Opportunities for recreation and leisure	11.60 ± 3.29	12.47 ± 3.62	1.640	0.103	12.36 ± 3.00	13.86 ± 3.57	2.956	0.004
Physical environment	10.87 ± 3.17	11.38 ± 3.00	1.068	0.287	12.45 ± 3.39	12.09 ± 3.04	0.714	0.476
Transportation	10.05 ± 3.02	9.93 ± 2.69	0.269	0.789	10.12 ± 2.89	10.36 ± 3.63	0.491	0.624
Spiritual aspects/spirituality/religion/personal beliefs	15.48 ± 2.75	15.54 ± 3.22	0.128	0.898	15.61 ± 2.79	15.99 ± 2.64	0.903	0.368
Quality of life from viewpoint	11.25 ± 3.74	10.94 ± 2.97	0.590	0.556	14.59 ± 2.95	12.39 ± 3.80	4.218	<0.001