Construction of a Prediction Model for the Mortality of Elderly Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

Table 1

Comparisons of the characteristics of surviving and dead patients.

Variables	Total (n = 511)	Group
		Survival group (n = 295)	Death group (n = 216)	Statistics	P
Gender, n (%)				χ ^2 = 3.000	0.083
Male	292 (57.14)	159 (53.90)	133 (61.57)
Female	219 (42.86)	136 (46.10)	83 (38.43)
Marital status, n (%)				χ ^2 = 9.472	0.092
Divorced	34 (6.65)	22 (7.46)	12 (5.56)
Married	247 (48.34)	143 (48.47)	104 (48.15)
Separated	3 (0.59)	0 (0.00)	3 (1.39)
Single	85 (16.63)	53 (17.97)	32 (14.81)
Unknown	14 (2.74)	5 (1.69)	9 (4.17)
Widowed	128 (25.05)	72 (24.41)	56 (25.93)
Ethnicity, n (%)				χ ^2 = 9.861	0.079
Asian	18 (3.52)	7 (2.37)	11 (5.09)
Black	93 (18.20)	63 (21.36)	30 (13.89)
Hispanic or Latino	12 (2.35)	7 (2.37)	5 (2.31)
Others	11 (2.15)	8 (2.71)	3 (1.39)
Unknown	43 (8.41)	20 (6.78)	23 (10.65)
White	334 (65.36)	190 (64.41)	144 (66.67)
LOS, M (Q1, Q3)	2.60 (1.37, 4.79)	2.15 (1.24, 3.84)	3.24 (1.64, 6.93)	Z = 4.748	<0.001
Age, M (Q1, Q3)	74.39 (69.69, 80.12)	73.90 (69.53, 80.02)	75.14 (70.13, 80.31)	Z = 1.343	0.179
Respiratory rate, mean ± SD	19.08 ± 5.76	18.66 ± 5.36	19.66 ± 6.23	t = −1.90	0.058
Temperature, mean ± SD	36.46 ± 0.95	36.54 ± 0.91	36.36 ± 1.00	t = 2.10	0.036
Heart rate, mean ± SD	82.59 ± 17.99	80.94 ± 17.64	84.84 ± 18.25	t = −2.43	0.015
SBP, mean ± SD	126.43 ± 28.02	127.96 ± 28.29	124.35 ± 27.58	t = 1.44	0.150
DBP, mean ± SD	58.35 ± 16.25	58.07 ± 15.74	58.73 ± 16.96	t = −0.45	0.650
MAP, mean ± SD	78.60 ± 18.90	78.16 ± 17.55	79.20 ± 20.63	t = −0.60	0.551
SpO2, mean ± SD	96.98 ± 4.73	96.90 ± 5.14	97.10 ± 4.10	t = −0.50	0.620
WBC, M (Q1, Q3)	9.70 (7.30, 12.70)	9.60 (7.20, 12.70)	9.70 (7.40, 12.65)	Z = 0.488	0.626
RBC, mean ± SD	3.65 ± 0.71	3.69 ± 0.75	3.60 ± 0.65	t = 1.37	0.171
Sodium, mean ± SD	137.70 ± 4.71	137.60 ± 4.75	137.83 ± 4.66	t = −0.54	0.586
Potassium, mean ± SD	4.64 ± 0.97	4.67 ± 1.00	4.60 ± 0.93	t = 0.80	0.426
Phosphate, M (Q1,Q3)	4.00 (3.30, 4.90)	3.90 (3.20, 4.70)	4.10 (3.30, 5.10)	Z = 1.918	0.055
Calcium, mean ± SD	8.69 ± 0.95	8.78 ± 0.95	8.57 ± 0.93	t = 2.45	0.014
PLT, M (Q1, Q3)	216.00 (169.00, 288.00)	218.00 (173.00, 277.00)	208.50 (166.50, 295.00)	Z = −0.609	0.542
Lactate, M (Q1, Q3)	1.60 (1.22, 2.20)	1.60 (1.20, 2.20)	1.70 (1.30, 2.38)	Z = 1.750	0.080
INR, M (Q1,Q3)	1.20 (1.10,1.50)	1.20 (1.10,1.40)	1.30 (1.10,1.50)	Z = 2.904	0.004
MCV, mean ± SD	90.89 ± 7.56	90.67 ± 7.72	91.20 ± 7.34	t = −0.78	0.436
Magnesium, mean ± SD	2.05 ± 0.45	2.05 ± 0.44	2.05 ± 0.46	t = 0.01	0.989
Glucose, M (Q1, Q3)	166.00 (125.00, 242.00)	176.00 (130.00, 249.00)	158.50 (119.50, 229.00)	Z = −1.983	0.047
Creatinine, M (Q1, Q3)	2.70 (1.70, 4.30)	2.40 (1.60, 4.10)	2.90 (1.90, 4.45)	Z = 2.571	0.010
BUN, M (Q1, Q3)	45.00 (31.00, 68.00)	44.00 (30.00, 65.00)	48.00 (32.00, 71.00)	Z = 2.022	0.043
Bicarbonate, mean ± SD	24.37 ± 5.39	24.06 ± 4.99	24.79 ± 5.88	t = −1.47	0.142
Hematocrit, mean ± SD	32.91 ± 6.02	33.11 ± 6.42	32.64 ± 5.43	t = 0.89	0.374
Hemoglobin, mean ± SD	10.81 ± 1.95	10.95 ± 2.07	10.62 ± 1.77	t = 1.97	0.049
MCHC, mean ± SD	32.85 ± 1.60	33.06 ± 1.56	32.56 ± 1.61	t = 3.55	<0.001
RDW, mean ± SD	15.81 ± 1.89	15.38 ± 1.72	16.39 ± 1.95	t = −6.22	<0.001
COPD, n (%)				χ ^2 = 0.526	0.468
No	419 (82.00)	245 (83.05)	174 (80.56)
Yes	92 (18.00)	50 (16.95)	42 (19.44)
AF, n (%)				χ ^2 = 1.546	0.214
No	286 (55.97)	172 (58.31)	114 (52.78)
Yes	225 (44.03)	123 (41.69)	102 (47.22)
Liver cirrhosis, n (%)				χ ^2 = 0.097	0.755
No	488 (95.50)	281 (95.25)	207 (95.83)
Yes	23 (4.50)	14 (4.75)	9 (4.17)
Respiratory failure, n (%)				χ ^2 = 13.735	<0.001
No	355 (69.47)	224 (75.93)	131 (60.65)
Yes	156 (30.53)	71 (24.07)	85 (39.35)
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)				χ ^2 = 27.292	<0.001
No	267 (52.25)	125 (42.37)	142 (65.74)
Yes	244 (47.75)	170 (57.63)	74 (34.26)
Malignant cancer, n (%)				χ ^2 = 0.070	0.792
No	405 (79.26)	235 (79.66)	170 (78.70)
Yes	106 (20.74)	60 (20.34)	46 (21.30)
SAPS-II score, mean ± SD	42.79 ± 11.78	40.74 ± 11.18	45.60 ± 12.02	t = −4.70	<0.001
SOFA score, M (Q1, Q3)	6.00 (4.00, 8.00)	5.00 (3.00, 7.00)	6.00 (4.00, 8.00)	Z = 4.448	<0.001
Insulin, n (%)				χ ^2 = 4.861	0.027
No	33 (6.46)	13 (4.41)	20 (9.26)
Yes	478 (93.54)	282 (95.59)	196 (90.74)
Metformin, n (%)				χ ^2 = 0.254	0.615
No	497 (97.26)	286 (96.95)	211 (97.69)
Yes	14 (2.74)	9 (3.05)	5 (2.31)
Survival time, M (Q1, Q3)	652.00 (87.00, 3650.00)	3650.00 (1088.00, 3650.00)	61.50 (17.00, 165.50)	Z = −19.702	<0.001
eGFR-MDRD, M (Q1, Q3)	21.80 (11.97, 34.05)	23.02 (12.55, 37.12)	19.63 (11.32, 30.85)	Z = −2.626	0.009
eGFR-CKD-EPI, M (Q1, Q3)	21.44 (12.93, 33.35)	23.94 (13.67, 36.22)	19.51 (11.86, 29.22)	Z = −3.189	0.001
CVD, n (%)				χ ^2 = 2.528	0.112
No	122 (23.87)	78 (26.44)	44 (20.37)
Yes	389 (76.13)	217 (73.56)	172 (79.63)
CKD, n (%)				χ ^2 = 8.774	0.003
No	178 (34.83)	87 (29.49)	91 (42.13)
Yes	333 (65.17)	208 (70.51)	125 (57.87)
Myocardial infarction, n (%)				χ ^2 = 0.027	0.870
No	341 (66.73)	196 (66.44)	145 (67.13)
Yes	170 (33.27)	99 (33.56)	71 (32.87)
Hypertension, n (%)				χ ^2 = 1.142	0.285
No	400 (78.28)	226 (76.61)	174 (80.56)
Yes	111 (21.72)	69 (23.39)	42 (19.44)
Peripheral vascular disease, n (%)				χ ^2 = 4.106	0.043
No	481 (94.13)	283 (95.93)	198 (91.67)
Yes	30 (5.87)	12 (4.07)	18 (8.33)
Survival time within 2 years, M (Q1,Q3)	730.00 (87.00, 730.00)	730.00 (730.00, 730.00)	61.50 (17.00, 165.50)	Z = −21.501	<0.001
Death within 10 years, n (%)				χ ^2 = 189.837	<0.001
No	172 (33.66)	172 (58.31)	0 (0.00)
Yes	339 (66.34)	123 (41.69)	216 (100.00)