| Variables | Total (n = 511) | Group | | Survival group (n = 295) | Death group (n = 216) | Statistics | P |
| Gender, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 3.000 | 0.083 | Male | 292 (57.14) | 159 (53.90) | 133 (61.57) | | | Female | 219 (42.86) | 136 (46.10) | 83 (38.43) | | |
| Marital status, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 9.472 | 0.092 | Divorced | 34 (6.65) | 22 (7.46) | 12 (5.56) | | | Married | 247 (48.34) | 143 (48.47) | 104 (48.15) | | | Separated | 3 (0.59) | 0 (0.00) | 3 (1.39) | | | Single | 85 (16.63) | 53 (17.97) | 32 (14.81) | | | Unknown | 14 (2.74) | 5 (1.69) | 9 (4.17) | | | Widowed | 128 (25.05) | 72 (24.41) | 56 (25.93) | | |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 9.861 | 0.079 | Asian | 18 (3.52) | 7 (2.37) | 11 (5.09) | | | Black | 93 (18.20) | 63 (21.36) | 30 (13.89) | | | Hispanic or Latino | 12 (2.35) | 7 (2.37) | 5 (2.31) | | | Others | 11 (2.15) | 8 (2.71) | 3 (1.39) | | | Unknown | 43 (8.41) | 20 (6.78) | 23 (10.65) | | | White | 334 (65.36) | 190 (64.41) | 144 (66.67) | | |
| LOS, M (Q1, Q3) | 2.60 (1.37, 4.79) | 2.15 (1.24, 3.84) | 3.24 (1.64, 6.93) | Z = 4.748 | <0.001 | Age, M (Q1, Q3) | 74.39 (69.69, 80.12) | 73.90 (69.53, 80.02) | 75.14 (70.13, 80.31) | Z = 1.343 | 0.179 | Respiratory rate, mean ± SD | 19.08 ± 5.76 | 18.66 ± 5.36 | 19.66 ± 6.23 | t = −1.90 | 0.058 | Temperature, mean ± SD | 36.46 ± 0.95 | 36.54 ± 0.91 | 36.36 ± 1.00 | t = 2.10 | 0.036 | Heart rate, mean ± SD | 82.59 ± 17.99 | 80.94 ± 17.64 | 84.84 ± 18.25 | t = −2.43 | 0.015 | SBP, mean ± SD | 126.43 ± 28.02 | 127.96 ± 28.29 | 124.35 ± 27.58 | t = 1.44 | 0.150 | DBP, mean ± SD | 58.35 ± 16.25 | 58.07 ± 15.74 | 58.73 ± 16.96 | t = −0.45 | 0.650 | MAP, mean ± SD | 78.60 ± 18.90 | 78.16 ± 17.55 | 79.20 ± 20.63 | t = −0.60 | 0.551 | SpO2, mean ± SD | 96.98 ± 4.73 | 96.90 ± 5.14 | 97.10 ± 4.10 | t = −0.50 | 0.620 | WBC, M (Q1, Q3) | 9.70 (7.30, 12.70) | 9.60 (7.20, 12.70) | 9.70 (7.40, 12.65) | Z = 0.488 | 0.626 | RBC, mean ± SD | 3.65 ± 0.71 | 3.69 ± 0.75 | 3.60 ± 0.65 | t = 1.37 | 0.171 | Sodium, mean ± SD | 137.70 ± 4.71 | 137.60 ± 4.75 | 137.83 ± 4.66 | t = −0.54 | 0.586 | Potassium, mean ± SD | 4.64 ± 0.97 | 4.67 ± 1.00 | 4.60 ± 0.93 | t = 0.80 | 0.426 | Phosphate, M (Q1,Q3) | 4.00 (3.30, 4.90) | 3.90 (3.20, 4.70) | 4.10 (3.30, 5.10) | Z = 1.918 | 0.055 | Calcium, mean ± SD | 8.69 ± 0.95 | 8.78 ± 0.95 | 8.57 ± 0.93 | t = 2.45 | 0.014 | PLT, M (Q1, Q3) | 216.00 (169.00, 288.00) | 218.00 (173.00, 277.00) | 208.50 (166.50, 295.00) | Z = −0.609 | 0.542 | Lactate, M (Q1, Q3) | 1.60 (1.22, 2.20) | 1.60 (1.20, 2.20) | 1.70 (1.30, 2.38) | Z = 1.750 | 0.080 | INR, M (Q1,Q3) | 1.20 (1.10,1.50) | 1.20 (1.10,1.40) | 1.30 (1.10,1.50) | Z = 2.904 | 0.004 | MCV, mean ± SD | 90.89 ± 7.56 | 90.67 ± 7.72 | 91.20 ± 7.34 | t = −0.78 | 0.436 | Magnesium, mean ± SD | 2.05 ± 0.45 | 2.05 ± 0.44 | 2.05 ± 0.46 | t = 0.01 | 0.989 | Glucose, M (Q1, Q3) | 166.00 (125.00, 242.00) | 176.00 (130.00, 249.00) | 158.50 (119.50, 229.00) | Z = −1.983 | 0.047 | Creatinine, M (Q1, Q3) | 2.70 (1.70, 4.30) | 2.40 (1.60, 4.10) | 2.90 (1.90, 4.45) | Z = 2.571 | 0.010 | BUN, M (Q1, Q3) | 45.00 (31.00, 68.00) | 44.00 (30.00, 65.00) | 48.00 (32.00, 71.00) | Z = 2.022 | 0.043 | Bicarbonate, mean ± SD | 24.37 ± 5.39 | 24.06 ± 4.99 | 24.79 ± 5.88 | t = −1.47 | 0.142 | Hematocrit, mean ± SD | 32.91 ± 6.02 | 33.11 ± 6.42 | 32.64 ± 5.43 | t = 0.89 | 0.374 | Hemoglobin, mean ± SD | 10.81 ± 1.95 | 10.95 ± 2.07 | 10.62 ± 1.77 | t = 1.97 | 0.049 | MCHC, mean ± SD | 32.85 ± 1.60 | 33.06 ± 1.56 | 32.56 ± 1.61 | t = 3.55 | <0.001 | RDW, mean ± SD | 15.81 ± 1.89 | 15.38 ± 1.72 | 16.39 ± 1.95 | t = −6.22 | <0.001 | COPD, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 0.526 | 0.468 | No | 419 (82.00) | 245 (83.05) | 174 (80.56) | | | Yes | 92 (18.00) | 50 (16.95) | 42 (19.44) | | |
| AF, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 1.546 | 0.214 | No | 286 (55.97) | 172 (58.31) | 114 (52.78) | | | Yes | 225 (44.03) | 123 (41.69) | 102 (47.22) | | |
| Liver cirrhosis, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 0.097 | 0.755 | No | 488 (95.50) | 281 (95.25) | 207 (95.83) | | | Yes | 23 (4.50) | 14 (4.75) | 9 (4.17) | | |
| Respiratory failure, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 13.735 | <0.001 | No | 355 (69.47) | 224 (75.93) | 131 (60.65) | | | Yes | 156 (30.53) | 71 (24.07) | 85 (39.35) | | |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 27.292 | <0.001 | No | 267 (52.25) | 125 (42.37) | 142 (65.74) | | | Yes | 244 (47.75) | 170 (57.63) | 74 (34.26) | | |
| Malignant cancer, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 0.070 | 0.792 | No | 405 (79.26) | 235 (79.66) | 170 (78.70) | | | Yes | 106 (20.74) | 60 (20.34) | 46 (21.30) | | |
| SAPS-II score, mean ± SD | 42.79 ± 11.78 | 40.74 ± 11.18 | 45.60 ± 12.02 | t = −4.70 | <0.001 | SOFA score, M (Q1, Q3) | 6.00 (4.00, 8.00) | 5.00 (3.00, 7.00) | 6.00 (4.00, 8.00) | Z = 4.448 | <0.001 | Insulin, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 4.861 | 0.027 | No | 33 (6.46) | 13 (4.41) | 20 (9.26) | | | Yes | 478 (93.54) | 282 (95.59) | 196 (90.74) | | |
| Metformin, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 0.254 | 0.615 | No | 497 (97.26) | 286 (96.95) | 211 (97.69) | | | Yes | 14 (2.74) | 9 (3.05) | 5 (2.31) | | |
| Survival time, M (Q1, Q3) | 652.00 (87.00, 3650.00) | 3650.00 (1088.00, 3650.00) | 61.50 (17.00, 165.50) | Z = −19.702 | <0.001 | eGFR-MDRD, M (Q1, Q3) | 21.80 (11.97, 34.05) | 23.02 (12.55, 37.12) | 19.63 (11.32, 30.85) | Z = −2.626 | 0.009 | eGFR-CKD-EPI, M (Q1, Q3) | 21.44 (12.93, 33.35) | 23.94 (13.67, 36.22) | 19.51 (11.86, 29.22) | Z = −3.189 | 0.001 | CVD, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 2.528 | 0.112 | No | 122 (23.87) | 78 (26.44) | 44 (20.37) | | | Yes | 389 (76.13) | 217 (73.56) | 172 (79.63) | | |
| CKD, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 8.774 | 0.003 | No | 178 (34.83) | 87 (29.49) | 91 (42.13) | | | Yes | 333 (65.17) | 208 (70.51) | 125 (57.87) | | |
| Myocardial infarction, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 0.027 | 0.870 | No | 341 (66.73) | 196 (66.44) | 145 (67.13) | | | Yes | 170 (33.27) | 99 (33.56) | 71 (32.87) | | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 1.142 | 0.285 | No | 400 (78.28) | 226 (76.61) | 174 (80.56) | | | Yes | 111 (21.72) | 69 (23.39) | 42 (19.44) | | |
| Peripheral vascular disease, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 4.106 | 0.043 | No | 481 (94.13) | 283 (95.93) | 198 (91.67) | | | Yes | 30 (5.87) | 12 (4.07) | 18 (8.33) | | |
| Survival time within 2 years, M (Q1,Q3) | 730.00 (87.00, 730.00) | 730.00 (730.00, 730.00) | 61.50 (17.00, 165.50) | Z = −21.501 | <0.001 | Death within 10 years, n (%) | | | | χ 2 = 189.837 | <0.001 | No | 172 (33.66) | 172 (58.31) | 0 (0.00) | | | Yes | 339 (66.34) | 123 (41.69) | 216 (100.00) | | |
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