Effect of Controlled Microtopography on Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Table 3

Summary of MSC differentiation regulated by micropillar.

Material	Height (μm)	Side length (μm)	Gap size	Cell type	Main results
PLGA	0.2, 1, and 5	3–6	6	rMSCs	rMSCs are able to enhance osteogenic differentiation, despite the nuclei of cells are severely deformed on micropillars of 5 μm height
SiO2	3	5	10	hMSCs	The height of 3 μm of microtopographic features could promote osteogenic differentiation
PLGA	0.8, 3.2, 4.6, 5.3, and 6.4	3	—	rMSCs	The height of 4.6 or 6.4 μm promotes osteogenic differentiation.
Hybrid polymer	0.2, 5, and 20	100	100	hMSCs	Lower pillar promotes osteogenic differentiation
PMMA	8	4,8,16	4,8,16	DPSCs	Micropillar arrays with lateral dimensions of 4 μm (P4G4) and 8 μm (P8G8) induce the expression of early osteogenic genes

PLGA, poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide); PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate); DPSCs, human dental pulp stem cells.