Butorphanol as an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine for Adductor Canal Blocks in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients: A Randomized, Double, Blind Study
Table 1
Patient characteristics.
Group R (n = 35)
Group BR (n = 35)
value
Age (years)
66.4 ± 7.2
66.6 ± 7.9
0.925
Gender (male/female)
10/25
7/28
0.403
BMI (kg/m2)
25.0 ± 3.3
25.4 ± 2.8
0.514
ASA (II/III)
20/15
22/13
0.626
VAS pain score (prior to surgery)
4.17 ± 1.25
3.86 ± 1.14
0.275
Knee ROM (prior to surgery)
119.98 ± 6.55
119.33 ± 5.89
0.665
KSS function score
22.6 ± 3.7
23.5 ± 2.5
0.205
Quadriceps strength
5.0 (4.0, 5.0)
5.0 (4.0, 5.0)
0.207
Duration of the tourniquet (min)
61.6 ± 9.6
65.6 ± 10.2
0.104
Duration of the operation (min)
95.7 ± 10.5
91.5 ± 9.7
0.088
Note. Values are expressed as a mean ± SD, median (IQR), or number. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; VAS, visual analogue scale; ROM, range of motion; KSS, Knee Society Score.
