Butorphanol as an Adjuvant to Ropivacaine for Adductor Canal Blocks in Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients: A Randomized, Double, Blind Study
Table 2
Postoperative pain assessment.
Group R (n = 35)
Group BR (n = 35)
value
Duration of sensory blocks (h)
15.36 ± 2.29
18.42 ± 3.46
0.001
VAS at rest
4 h
2.69 ± 0.47
1.63 ± 0.73
0.001
8 h
3.37 ± 0.60
2.29 ± 0.67
0.001
12 h
3.86 ± 0.36
2.83 ± 0.66
0.001
24 h
3.06 ± 0.80
2.17 ± 0.66
0.001
48 h
2.03 ± 0.74
1.97 ± 0.71
0.707
VAS with activity
4 h
3.77 ± 0.60
2.26 ± 0.66
0.001
8 h
3.86 ± 0.77
2.31 ± 0.63
0.001
12 h
4.74 ± 0.70
3.20 ± 0.53
0.001
24 h
4.09 ± 0.70
3.74 ± 0.98
0.097
48 h
2.97 ± 0.61
2.71 ± 0.75
0.122
Number of PCIA attempts
7.8 ± 1.5
4.5 ± 1.2
0.001
Time of first press (h)
16.25 ± 2.13
20.31 ± 2.59
0.001
Rescue analgesic cases (n, (%))
7 (20.0%)
5 (14.3%)
0.526
Note. Values are expressed as a mean ± SD or number (%). Abbreviations: 4 h, 4 hours after surgery; VAS, visual analog score; PCIA, patient-controlled intravenous analgesia.
