Effects of Knee Flexion Angles on the Joint Force and Muscle Force during Bridging Exercise: A Musculoskeletal Model Simulation

Figure 2

Floor reaction forces during the bridging exercise estimated using the optimization technique. Floor reaction forces were estimated as the external force (blue lines) acting on the 83 contact points between the human body and the floor (green circles) using the optimization method. Contact was determined by the distance between the floor and the contact points on the body, and the sum of all predicted reaction forces balanced the sum of gravity and mass-acceleration products of all body segments.