Effects of Knee Flexion Angles on the Joint Force and Muscle Force during Bridging Exercise: A Musculoskeletal Model Simulation

Table 2

Muscle forces determined using the musculoskeletal model.

Muscle force (%BW)	60°	90°	120°	F	P	η^2
Gluteus maximus	8.3 ± 8.0 ††	22.6 ± 7.6††	34.4 ± 9.8	F = 84.80	<0.001	0.629
Multifidus	11.3 ± 3.2 ††	9.2 ± 2.9††	7.4 ± 2.4	F = 103.86	<0.001	0.253
Erector supine	48.8 ± 12.5 ††	41.0 ± 11.0††	33.6 ± 9.6	F = 149.28	<0.001	0.252
Biceps femoris	44.8 ± 10.7 ††	21.3 ± 5.8††	3.6 ± 1.3	F = 208.78	<0.001	0.858
Adductor magnus	42.1 ± 15.1 ††	56.2 ± 23.4††	75.7 ± 27.1	F = 33.08	<0.001	0.263

Note. vs 90°; vs 90°; † vs 120°; †† vs 120°. All variables were assumed to be normally distributed.