Research Article
Effects of Knee Flexion Angles on the Joint Force and Muscle Force during Bridging Exercise: A Musculoskeletal Model Simulation
Table 2
Muscle forces determined using the musculoskeletal model.
| Muscle force (%BW) | 60° | 90° | 120° | F | P | η2 |
| Gluteus maximus | 8.3 ± 8.0 †† | 22.6 ± 7.6†† | 34.4 ± 9.8 | F = 84.80 | <0.001 | 0.629 | Multifidus | 11.3 ± 3.2 †† | 9.2 ± 2.9†† | 7.4 ± 2.4 | F = 103.86 | <0.001 | 0.253 | Erector supine | 48.8 ± 12.5 †† | 41.0 ± 11.0†† | 33.6 ± 9.6 | F = 149.28 | <0.001 | 0.252 | Biceps femoris | 44.8 ± 10.7 †† | 21.3 ± 5.8†† | 3.6 ± 1.3 | F = 208.78 | <0.001 | 0.858 | Adductor magnus | 42.1 ± 15.1 †† | 56.2 ± 23.4†† | 75.7 ± 27.1 | F = 33.08 | <0.001 | 0.263 |
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Note. vs 90°; vs 90°; † vs 120°; †† vs 120°. All variables were assumed to be normally distributed. |