Effects of Knee Flexion Angles on the Joint Force and Muscle Force during Bridging Exercise: A Musculoskeletal Model Simulation

Table 3

Muscle activity determined using electromyography.

EMG (%MVC)	60°	90°	120°	χ^2, F	P	η^2
Gluteus maximus	14.5 ± 8.3	16.0 ± 7.8	16.1 ± 11.8	χ^2 = 0.93	.627	0.031
Multifidus	40.7 ± 16.6 ††	36.0 ± 17.5†	31.3 ± 14.9	F = 9.30	< .001	0.056
Erector supine	34.4 ± 15.0 ††	27.2 ± 13.6	22.9 ± 12.7	F = 12.96	< .001	0.113
Biceps femoris	43.7 ± 19.6 ††	24.9 ± 14.6††	11.0 ± 11.9	χ^2 = 26.53	< .001	0.884

Note. vs 90°; vs 90°; † vs 120°; †† vs 120°. Multifidus and erector supine muscle activities were assumed to be normally distributed.