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| References | Data sources | Objectives |
|
| [58] | Cardiothoracic surgery | Investigating the reduction of patient waiting times and the removal of resource constraints by enhancing the schedule and reallocating capacity |
| [59] | Obesity center | Identifying the impact of capacity changes in resources and patient referral rates on the waiting time and waiting list of obesity patients |
| [60] | Multispecialty outpatient clinic | Development of a DES model for analyzing the patient admission process to reduce waiting time and the number of phone calls unanswered |
| [61] | Ultrasound department | Reducing waiting times for patients and unemployment time for doctors in the appointment scheduling system using combined mathematical programming and simulation optimization procedures |
| [62] | Outpatient clinic | Investigating the impact of various appointment schedules for patients on key performance indicators such as unemployment time and overtime of doctors and waiting time of patients |
| [63] | Outpatient chemotherapy department | Reviewing patient appointment scheduling policies to reduce waiting times for patients and improve resource utilization |
| [64] | Accident and emergency department (AED) | Improving the accident and emergency department (AED) service quality by reducing waiting times for patients and enhancing the efficiency of emergency operations |
| [55] | Emergency department | Developing an integrated simulation model using DES with an approach to system dynamics (SD) in order to reduce waiting times for patients, improve the flow of emergency patients, and analyze the implementation of a fast track strategy (FT) |
| [65] | Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) | Planning and predicting the number of nursing staff needed in a NICU |
| [66] | Orthopedic surgery department | The surgery scheduling of patients in the orthopedic surgery department using DES and integer programming with the aim of using the operating rooms’ time and minimizing the make span in order to provide the best allocation of patients to the operating rooms (ORs) |
| [67, 68] | Outpatient orthopedic clinic | Identification and evaluation of improvement alternatives such as optimizing staff levels and better patient scheduling in order to reduce waiting time, lot of stay, and the end (time) of the total visit of patients |
| [69] | Surgical center | Investigating the impact of various scheduling planning of both point-by-point (PBP) and anatomically-designed (AD) procedures in the treatment of atrial fibrillation on resource consumption, average cost, and OR utilization |
| [70] | Emergency department | Simulation with DEA and ABC method in order to evaluate the impact of human resource allocation scenarios on patient waiting time, nursing staff productivity improvements and costs |
| [71] | Emergency department | Simulation combined with optimization in order to determine the optimal number of physicians, laboratory technicians and nurses required to maximize patient throughput and to reduce patient waiting time |
| [72] | Outpatient patients | The economic evaluation of doripenem antibiotics compared with imipenem for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia in the criteria such as the rate of disease recurrence, seizure rates, mortality rate, hospital costs, and duration of stay of patients |
| [73] | Orthopedic surgery department | Simulation combined with ABC method to compare resource costs, efficacy of both virtual fracture clinic (VFC) and traditional fracture clinic (TFC) with the aim of improving the care and treatment of orthopedic patients |
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