Tumor Antigen-Dependent and Tumor Antigen-Independent Activation of Antitumor Activity in T Cells by a Bispecific Antibody-Modified Tumor Vaccine

Table 1

Summary of the types of interactions, mechanisms, characteristics of the immune responses induced by the ATV-NDV/bsAb vaccine in memory and naive T cells and the eventual danger of autoimmunity (see the main text for more details).

Vaccine + bsAbs	Interactions; T cells-tumor cells	Mechanisms	Response characteristics	Autoimmunity
TA + bsCD3 + bsCD28	Cognate	Restimulation (memory)/TA cross-presentation via DCs (naive) ⇒ TA-specific T cell activation	Long-term effect systemic	Low risk
bsCD3 + bsCD28	Noncognate	Provision of inflammatory and danger signals ⇒ Non-TA-specific T cell activation	Transient, local	High risk