Innate Immune Sensors and Gastrointestinal Bacterial Infections
Figure 1
The interaction of Helicobacter pylori and Salmonella spp. with pattern recognition receptors. Schematic representations of the PRRs, activating ligands, and simplified activation pathways for innate immune signaling for (a) Helicobacter pylori and (b) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Both pathogens activate multiple PRRs found on cellular membranes and in the cytoplasm. Together, this instigates a complex interplay of signaling crosstalk that influences the host response to the pathogen and results in induction of a proinflammatory immune response. In the case of Salmonella spp., activation of caspase-1 via NLRC4 ultimately leads to cell death via pyroptosis. H. pylori electron micrograph image provided courtesy of Professor Dave Kelly, University of Sheffield, UK. Electron micrograph image of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium provided courtesy of Professor Sangwei Lu, UC Berkeley.
