Innate Immune Sensors and Gastrointestinal Bacterial Infections

Table 1

Pattern recognition receptor activating ligands from Salmonella spp. and Helicobacter pylori.

PRR	Salmonella spp. ligand	Helicobacter pylori ligand
TLR1/2/6	Lipoproteins	Membrane protein HpaA
TLR4	Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)	Tetra-acylated LPS (poorly immunogenic) Hexa-acylated LPS
TLR5	Flagellin (FliC)	Flagellin (very poor stimulator)
TLR9	CpG rich repetitive elements in Salmonella DNA	Bacterial nucleic acid
NLRC4	Flagellin (FliC), T3SS protein PrgJ	?
NOD1	Peptidoglycan	Peptidoglycan