Review Article
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Activation in Cancer Progression and Therapy
| Proposed endogenous TLR4 ligand | | Reference |
| Advanced glycation end product low-density lipoprotein | AGE-LDL | [65] | Angiotensin II | | [66, 67] | Beta defensin | | [68, 69] | Biglycan | | [70, 71] | Calprotectin | | [72] | Ceramide | | [73] | Fibrinogen | | [74, 75] | Fibronectin extra domain A | F-EDA | [76, 77] | High-mobility group box 1 | HMGB1 | [78–81] | Heat shock protein | HSP | [82–85] | Heparan sulfate | | [86] | Hyaluronan | | [87–92] | Minimally modified (oxidized) low-density lipoprotein | mmLDL | [93–95] | Myeloid-related protein-8/14 | MRP-8/14 | [96] | Oxidized Palmitoyl-arachidonoyl-phosphatidylcholine | OxPAPC | [97, 98] | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma upregulated factor | PAUF | [99] | Serum amyloid A | | [100] | Saturated fatty acid | SFA | [101] | Surfactant protein A | | [102] | Tenascin-C | | [103] |
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