Pathogenesis, Immunology, and Diagnosis of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Table 1

Some important M. tuberculosis factors that modulate the innate immune response and promote persistence of the pathogen leading to latent tuberculosis infection.

M. tuberculosis component	Immune cell process inhibited/affected	Reference(s)
19 kDa Lipoprotein (LpqH)	MHC class II expression and antigen presentation	[32, 44, 85–87]
19 kDa Lipoprotein (LpqH)	Phagosomal processing by MHC class I pathway	[88]
Mannose capped lipoarabinomannan	Phagolysosome biogenesis	[46, 89, 90]
Mannose capped lipoarabinomannan	MHC class II expression and antigen presentation	[85, 90]
Mannose capped lipoarabinomannan	IL-12 secretion of dentritic cells/macrophages	[45, 90]
Mannose capped lipoarabinomannan	Apoptosis of macrophages	[90, 91]
Trehalose dimycolate (cord factor)	Phagolysosome biogenesis	[92, 93]
Trehalose dimycolate (cord factor)	MHC class II expression and antigen presentation	[94]
6-kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6)	Pathogen containment in phagolysosome/macrophage	[95–97]
ESX-1 secreted proteins	Macrophage proinflammatory cytokine response	[98]
Serine/threonine protein kinase G (PknG)	Phagolysosome biogenesis	[99, 100]
Lipid phosphatase (SapM)	Phagolysosome biogenesis	[101]
Lipoprotein LprA	MHC class II expression and antigen presentation	[36]
Lipoprotein LprG	MHC class II expression and antigen presentation	[35]
Secretion system SecA2	Apoptosis of macrophages and dendritic cells	[102]
Superoxide dismutase (SodA)	Apoptosis of macrophages and dendritic cells	[102]
NADH dehydrogenase (NuoG)	Apoptosis of macrophages and dendritic cells	[103]