Changing Concepts of “Latent Tuberculosis Infection” in Patients Living with HIV Infection

Table 2

Proposed framework of potential outcomes of the host-pathogen relationship following exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. (adapted from [9, 10]).

	Terminology	T cell priming	Mycobacterial numbers	Symptoms	Impact of HIV infection	Impact of ART
(1) Infection eliminated by innate immune system	Innate immune	−	−	−
(2) Infection eliminated by acquired immune response	Acquired immune	+	−	−
(3) Infection occurs but remains under immune control	Quiescent infection	+	+	−
(4) Active bacterial replication but remains subclinical	Active infection	+	+++	−
(5) Uncontrolled bacterial replication and clinical TB disease	TB disease	+	+++++	++