Review Article
Autoantibodies and Resident Renal Cells in the Pathogenesis of Lupus Nephritis: Getting to Know the Unknown
Table 2
Binding of anti-dsDNA antibodies to resident renal cells and the effect on cellular functions.
| | Mesangial cells | Endothelial cells | Proximal renal tubular epithelial cells |
| Mechanism of binding | Indirect binding through | Indirect binding through | Indirect binding through | | DNA, histones, and nucleosomes | DNA, histones, and nucleosomes | DNA | | Cross-reactive binding to | Cross-reactive binding to | Cross-reactive binding to | | heparan sulfate | hevin | A and D snRNP proteins | | ribosomal P protein | unidentified proteins with M.W. | | | laminin | of 30–35, 44, 68, 110, and 180 kDa | | | α-actinin | | | | annexin II | | | Internalization of anti-dsDNA | Occurs after binding to annexin II | Occurs after binding to fibronectin | Occurs after binding to | antibodies into resident renal cells | | | unidentified protein(s) | Effect on cell proliferation | Increase | Increase | Increase | Induction of apoptosis | Yes | Yes | Yes | Effect on cell viability | Decrease | Decrease | Decrease | Effect on inflammation | Increased synthesis of: | Increased synthesis of: | Increased synthesis of: | | IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α | IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 | IL-1β | | hyaluronan | adhesion molecules | IL-6 | | | von Willebrand factor | TNF-α | Effect on fibrosis | Activation of PKC-α, -βI, | Increased gene expression | Induced epithelial-to | | and βII signaling pathways | of TGF-β1 | mesenchymal | | and increased synthesis of | | transdifferentiation | | TGF-β1 and fibronectin | | |
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