Feeding Bottles Usage and the Prevalence of Childhood Allergy and Asthma
Table 4
The dose-effect relationship between disease prevalence and the age of stopping use of feeding bottles or pacifiers.
Crude OR (95% CI)†
Adjusted OR (95% CI)‡
Quartile of using length for feeding bottles or pacifiers, adjusted OR (95% CI)‡
values for trend*
<25th (Ref.)
25th–50th
50th–75th
>75th
Length of using feeding bottle
Wheezing or asthma
1.06 (1.03–1.10)
1.05 (1.00–1.09)
1.00
1.10 (0.96–1.25)
1.11 (0.97–1.27)
1.16 (1.01–1.32)
0.035
Allergic rhinitis
1.04 (1.00–1.07)
1.04 (1.00–1.08)
1.00
1.09 (0.96–1.23)
1.01 (0.89–1.14)
1.18 (1.03–1.34)
0.052
Eczema
1.09 (1.04–1.13)
1.07 (1.01–1.12)
1.00
1.08 (0.91–1.28)
1.06 (0.89–1.25)
1.25 (1.06–1.48)
0.017
Length of using pacifiers
Wheezing or asthma
1.03 (1.00–1.07)
1.02 (0.98–1.06)
1.00
1.11 (0.98–1.26)
1.08 (0.95–1.22)
1.07 (0.94–1.23)
0.370
Allergic rhinitis
1.04 (1.00–1.07)
1.02 (0.98–1.06)
1.00
1.08 (0.96–1.22)
1.11 (0.98–1.25)
1.04 (0.91–1.18)
0.441
Eczema
1.03 (0.99–1.08)
1.03 (0.98–1.09)
1.00
1.05 (0.90–1.23)
1.00 (0.85–1.17)
1.14 (0.96–1.35)
0.259
†Crude univariable effects were calculated by logistic regression. ‡ORs were calculated using multiple logistic regression with the adjustment of all factors tabulated in Table 1, including the persons completing the questionnaire, parental educational levels and smoking status, family history, child’s gender, age, gestational age, birth weight, breastfeeding history, use of formula and complementary foods, food allergy status, and report of indoor water damage. value for trend was calculated using the regression model while the predictor was considered as the continuous variable with the above-mentioned adjustment.
