A Key Role for NF-κB Transcription Factor c-Rel in T-Lymphocyte-Differentiation and Effector Functions

Figure 2

Induction of immunoproteasomes and c-Rel signalling in APC during intestinal inflammation. After disruption of intestinal barrier, the activation of DC by innate immunity triggers such as TLR ligands results in signalling cascade that induces expression of immunoproteasomes. The immunoproteasome is highly active form of proteasome that enhances activation of NF-κB signalling. Additionally, stimulation of TLR releases c-Rel/p50 dimers from IκB to bind to the p40, p35, and p19 promoter. The synergy between immunoproteasomes and c-Rel leads to an increase of IL-12 and IL-23 secretion by APC contributing directly to T-cell-mediated immune responses and exacerbation of intestinal inflammation.