Making the Most of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecule Multimers: Applications in Type 1 Diabetes

Table 1

Summary of studies investigating therapeutic effects of pMHC multimer treatment on T1D in mouse models.

MHC restriction	Mouse model	Antigen*	Multimer form	Modification	T1D status at administration	Therapeutic effect	Mechanism of modulation	Reference, year
Class I	NOD	NRP; mIGRP; DMK	Nanoparticle	None	Prediabetic	Protected	Potentiated low avidity, regulatory CD8+ T cells	Tsai et al., 2010 [22]
	—	—	—	—	Newly diabetic	Reversed
	Humanized NOD	hIGRP; InsB	—	—	—	Reversed
	NOD	NRP; mIGRP	Tetramer	Toxin	Pre-diabetic	Delayed onset	Deleted cognate CD8+ T cells	Vincent et al., 2010 [23]
	—	DMK; InsB	—	—	—	No protection
Class II	TCR x beta cell antigen double transgenic cross	HA	Dimer	None	Pre-diabetic	Protected during treatment	Induced anergy and IL-10- secreting Tregs	Casares et al., 2002 [24]
	—	—	—	—	Newly diabetic	Reversed
	—	—	—	—	Late diabetic	No reversal
	Transfer of transgenic CD4+ T cells	ChgA	Dimer	None	Pre-diabetic	Protected during treatment	Induced anergy and IL-10- secreting cells	Masteller et al., 2003 [25]
	Transfer of NOD splenocytes; NOD	—	—	—	Pre-diabetic; diabetic	No protection; No reversal
	TCR x beta cell antigen double transgenic cross	HA	Octamer	None	Pre-diabetic	Delayed onset	Caused activation-induced cell death	Preda-Pais et al., 2005 [26]
	—	—	—	—	Newly diabetic	Reversed
	NOD	GAD65	Dimer	None	Late pre-diabetic	Protected	Induced GAD-specific, IL-10-secreting Tregs	Li et al., 2009 [27]

*mIGRP, murine islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein; DMK: dystrophia myotonica kinase; hIGRP: human IGRP; InsB: insulin B chain; HA: influenza hemagglutinin; ChgA: chromogranin A; GAD65: glutamic acid decarboxylase 65. ^—Indicates content is identical to entry directly above.