Review Article
Making the Most of Major Histocompatibility Complex Molecule Multimers: Applications in Type 1 Diabetes
Table 1
Summary of studies investigating therapeutic effects of pMHC multimer treatment on T1D in mouse models.
| MHC restriction | Mouse model | Antigen* | Multimer form | Modification | T1D status at administration | Therapeutic effect | Mechanism of modulation | Reference, year |
| Class I | NOD | NRP; mIGRP; DMK | Nanoparticle | None | Prediabetic | Protected | Potentiated low avidity, regulatory CD8+ T cells | Tsai et al., 2010 [22] | — | — | — | — | Newly diabetic | Reversed | | | Humanized NOD | hIGRP; InsB | — | — | — | Reversed | | | NOD | NRP; mIGRP | Tetramer | Toxin | Pre-diabetic | Delayed onset | Deleted cognate CD8+ T cells | Vincent et al., 2010 [23] | — | DMK; InsB | — | — | — | No protection | | | Class II | TCR x beta cell antigen double transgenic cross | HA | Dimer | None | Pre-diabetic | Protected during treatment | Induced anergy and IL-10- secreting Tregs | Casares et al., 2002 [24] | — | — | — | — | Newly diabetic | Reversed | | | — | — | — | — | Late diabetic | No reversal | | | Transfer of transgenic CD4+ T cells | ChgA | Dimer | None | Pre-diabetic | Protected during treatment | Induced anergy and IL-10- secreting cells | Masteller et al., 2003 [25] | Transfer of NOD splenocytes; NOD | — | — | — | Pre-diabetic; diabetic | No protection; No reversal | | | TCR x beta cell antigen double transgenic cross | HA | Octamer | None | Pre-diabetic | Delayed onset | Caused activation-induced cell death | Preda-Pais et al., 2005 [26] | — | — | — | — | Newly diabetic | Reversed | | | NOD | GAD65 | Dimer | None | Late pre-diabetic | Protected | Induced GAD-specific, IL-10-secreting Tregs | Li et al., 2009 [27] |
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*mIGRP, murine islet-specific glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit-related protein; DMK: dystrophia myotonica kinase; hIGRP: human IGRP; InsB: insulin B chain; HA: influenza hemagglutinin; ChgA: chromogranin A; GAD65: glutamic acid decarboxylase 65. —Indicates content is identical to entry directly above.
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