Maternal Plasma Phosphatidylcholine Fatty Acids and Atopy and Wheeze in the Offspring at Age of 6 Years

Table 6

Relative risks (RR) for the association between standardised values (𝑧-scores) of maternal plasma PC fatty acids and atopy and regression coefficients for the association between standardised values (𝑧-scores) of maternal plasma PC fatty acids and airways inflammation.

	Skin sensitisation						Fractional exhaled nitric oxide
Maternal exposure	Unadjusted analysis 𝑛=638			Adjusted* analysis 𝑛=545			Unadjusted analysis 𝑛=452			Adjusted^† analysis 𝑛=435
	RR	(95% CI)	𝑃	RR	(95% CI)	𝑃	Beta	(95% CI)	𝑃	Beta	(95% CI)	𝑃
Total 𝑛-3 PUFAs %	1.09	(0.97, 1.23)	0.16	0.99	(0.87, 1.13)	0.87	0.056	(−0.037, 0.148)	0.24	0.042	(−0.052, 0.135)	0.38
ALA %	0.95	(0.83, 1.09)	0.49	0.99	(0.86, 1.14)	0.90	−0.041	(−0.135, 0.053)	0.40	−0.05	(−0.144, 0.044)	0.29
DHA %	1.11	(0.98, 1.26)	0.10	1.00	(0.87, 1.14)	0.97	0.108	(0.016, 0.201)	0.021	0.095	(0.002, 0.189)	0.05
EPA %	1.01	(0.90, 1.13)	0.91	0.94	(0.83, 1.06)	0.29	−0.012	(−0.109, 0.086)	0.82	−0.022	(−0.119, 0.074)	0.65
Total 𝑛-6 PUFAs %	0.92	(0.81, 1.05)	0.22	0.94	(0.83, 1.08)	0.40	−0.014	(−0.108, 0.079)	0.76	−0.011	(−0.105, 0.083)	0.83
LA %	0.87	(0.76, 0.99)	0.03	0.86	(0.75, 0.99)	0.04	−0.058	(−0.151, 0.036)	0.23	−0.066	(−0.160, 0.028)	0.17
AA %	1.08	(0.95, 1.22)	0.26	1.10	(0.96, 1.26)	0.17	0.096	(0.001, 0.191)	0.05	0.108	(0.014, 0.201)	0.024
Total 𝑛-3 : 𝑛-6 PUFAs ratio	1.09	(0.98, 1.22)	0.13	1.00	(0.88, 1.14)	0.98	0.05	(−0.042, 0.141)	0.29	0.039	(−0.053, 0.131)	0.41
ALA: unsaturated metabolic products	0.93	(0.80, 1.08)	0.32	1.02	(0.87, 1.20)	0.83	−0.08	(−0.172, 0.013)	0.09	−0.08	(−0.174, 0.013)	0.09
LA: unsaturated metabolic products	0.85	(0.73, 0.98)	0.025	0.82	(0.70, 0.96)	0.013	−0.071	(−0.166, 0.024)	0.14	−0.086	(−0.180, 0.008)	0.07

Children with skin sensitisation were compared to those without skin sensitisation. The association with FENO is expressed as change in FENO per standard deviation change in percentage fatty acid composition. Unadjusted and adjusted analyses for each maternal variable are presented.
RR: relative risk; ALA: alpha-linolenic acid; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; LA: linoleic acid; AA: arachidonic acid. RR derived from Poisson regression, Beta derived from linear regression.
*Adjusted for maternal asthma, atopy and parity, paternal rhinitis, parental social class, child’s sex and age, and dogs/cats in the home during the child’s infancy.
^†Adjusted for child’s age, maternal asthma, and paternal rhinitis.