Adaptive Immunity in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Phenotype and Functional Alterations of T-Cells before and during Infliximab Therapy

Table 2

Functional characteristics of intracellular processes in CD4+ and CD8+ cells following PHA activation in ankylosing spondylitis patients before and during infliximab (IFX) therapy.

	Parameter	Healthy controls (𝑛=9)	Before IFX therapy (𝑛=13)	Week 2 after IFX therapy (𝑛=11)	Week 6 after IFX therapy (𝑛=8)
Cytoplasmic Ca^2+
CD4+	AUC (U)	63.24 [58.00–107.9]	82.43 [64.22–255.8]	93.57 [56.89–201.0]	96.21 [87.13–158.10]
	Max (rpv)	1.156 [1.132–1.256]	1.268 [1.174–1.623]	1.321 [1.149–1.477]	1.254 [1.216–1.420]
	𝑡max (s)	258.4 [192.1–283.5]	527.5 [327.9 595.3]*	471.1 [288.2–594.3]*	594.7 [290.5–595.5]*
CD8+	AUC (U)	48.76 [38.53–93.22]	88.52 [54.65–327.8]	104.8 [42.14–180.8]	81.55 [58.51–407.1]
	Max (rpv)	1.139 [1.089–1.262]	1.247 [1.124–1.852]	1.318 [1.120–1.434]	1.220 [1.125–1.819]
	𝑡max (s)	228.6 [162.1–593.2]	594.3 [294.6–595.6]*	594.4 [422.9–596.1]*	282.7 [232.9–531.0]
Mitochondrial Ca^2+
CD4+	AUC (U)	61.64 [37.97–94.43]	66.00 [41.55–95.52]	64.87 [42.90–105.4]	67.60 [49.29–104.2]
	Max (rpv)	1.194 [1.121–1.272]	1.207 [1.103–1.241]	1.149 [1.114–1.281]	1.172 [1.159–1.266]
	𝑡max (s)	594.0 [211.9–594.9]	593.3 [384.7–595.3]	595.2 [593.0–596.2]	595.1 [386.6–596.4]
CD8+	AUC (U)	106.9 [71.64–144.5]	87.79 [62.47–101.4]	71.31 [53.46–175.0]	118.8 [67.55–249.9]
	Max (rpv)	1.250 [1.152–1.404]	1.187 [1.130–1.217]	1.154 [1.131–1.400]	1.259 [1.143–1.539]
	𝑡max (s)	144.2 [121.6–160.6]	577.1 [167.8–594.2]*	468.8 [165.3–594.7]*	198.7 [169.8–248.4]
Nitric oxide production
CD4+	AUC (U)	3.318 [−8.315–18.84]	47.76 [1.727–97.18]*	22.20 [−8.903–37.95]	−3.055 [−13.24–9.005]^#
	Max (rpv)	1.013 [1.000–1.043]	1.113 [1.011–1.282]*	1.046 [1.000–1.081]	1.001 [1.000–1.034]^#
	𝑡max (s)	198.7 [34.55–321.8]	594.3 [228.2–594.8]*	331.2 [0.000–556.5]	107.9 [0.000–252.5]^#
CD8+	AUC (U)	−9.481 [−19.97–24.30]	41.31 [6.068–109.8]*	9.641 [−11.20–29.92]	−11.80 [−29.93–4.094]^#
	Max (rpv)	1.003 [1.000–1.051]	1.099 [1.011–1.330]*	1.025 [1.001–1.078]	1.000 [1.000–1.001]^#
	𝑡max (s)	51.08 [0.000–185.2]	594.2 [185.2–594.8]*	289.1 [54.03–553.5]	0.001 [0.000–130.5]^#
Superoxide generation
CD4+	AUC (U)	79.27 [64.68–88.90]	75.65 [70.70–92.61]	82.64 [58.40–96.68]	70.99 [56.09–83.99]
CD8+	AUC (U)	73.15 [62.21–80.33]	74.97 [61.28–98.75]	83.87 [58.13–90.74]	60.34 [51.38–85.42]

Data are expressed as median [interquartile range] *versus control 𝑃<0.05; ^#versus before IFX therapy 𝑃<0.05; AUC: area under the curve, Max: maximum value, 𝑡_max: time to reach maximum.