Review Article

Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Immunomodulators in a Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation

Table 1

Pre-clinical allotransplant models utilizing MSC for immune modulation.

AuthorsAnimal modelAllotransplant modelMSC source Combined short-term immunosuppressant Outcome

Kuo et al. (2009) [53]SwineHind-limb VCA
(allogeneic)
Donor bone marrowCsAMSC alone, prolong allograft survival; MSC + TBI + BMT + CsA, significantly prolong graft survival

Pan et al. (2010) [61]RatHind-limb VCA
(allogeneic)
Allogeneic bone marrowRapamycin + ALGMSC + rapamycin + ALG + TBI + BMT prolong allograft survival and induce mixed chimerism

Kuo et al. (2011) [35]SwineHind-limb VCA
(allogeneic)
Donor bone marrowCsAMSC + CsA + TBI prolong allograft survival

Kuo et al. (2011) [34]RatHind-limb VCA
(allogeneic)
Allogeneic adipose tissueALS + CsAMSC + ALS + CsA prolong allograft survival and induce immune tolerance

Kuo et al. (2012) [66]SwineFacial VCA
(allogeneic)
Donor bone marrowCsAMSC + CsA prolong allograft survival

Itakura et al. (2007) [65]RatIslet cell transplant
(allogeneic)
Allogeneic bone
marrow
CsAMSC + BMT + CsA prolong islet allograft survival and induce immune tolerance

Kim et al. (2011) [43]RatIslet cell transplant
(allogeneic)
Autologous bone
marrow
CsAProlong islet allograft survival

Casiraghi et al. (2008) [64]MouseHeart
(semiallogeneic)
Donor allogeneic bone marrowā€”Prolong heart allograft survival

Ge et al. (2009) [67]MouseHeart
(allogeneic)
Donor allogeneic bone marrowRapamycinProlong heart allograft survival

Sbano et al. (2008) [60]RatAlloskin transplantation
(allogeneic)
Donor allogeneic bone marrowCsAMSC + CsA prolong skin allograft survival