Autoantibodies and the Immune Hypothesis in Psychotic Brain Diseases: Challenges and Perspectives

Table 2

Frequency of antibody detection in patients with psychosis.

Cohort	Autoantibodies detected			Paper
	Antigen	Ig class	Frequency
First episode psychosis (𝑛=46)	NMDAR	IgG	3/46 (6.5%)	Zandi and; colleagues (2011) [16]
	VGKC	IgG	1/46 (2.2%)
NMDAR encephalitis (𝑛=5), general psychiatric disease (𝑛=5), schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders (𝑛=51)	NMDAR	IgG	3/5 (60%) (NMDAR encephalitis); 3/5 (60%) (general psychiatric disease); 4/51 (7.8%) (SZ and schizoaffective disorders)	Tsutsui and; colleagues (2012) [17]
Schizophrenia, acutely ill, both first episode and chronic (𝑛=121); major depression, acutely ill (𝑛=70); borderline personality disorder, acutely ill (𝑛=38); matched healthy controls (𝑛=230)		IgG	4/121 (3.3%) (SZ); 0/70 (MD); 0/38 (BLPD); 0/230 (healthy controls)
	NMDAR	IgA	6/121 (5%) (SZ); 2/70 (2.9%) (MD); 0/38 (BLPD); 0/230 (healthy controls)	Steiner and; colleagues (2013) [18]
		IgM	4/121 (3.3%) (SZ); 0/70 (MD); 0/38 (BLPD); 1/230 (0.4%) (healthy controls)

NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; VGKC: voltage gated potassium channel; Ig: immunoglobulin, SZ: schizophrenia; MD: major depression; BLPD: borderline personality disorder.