Review Article
Autoantibodies and the Immune Hypothesis in Psychotic Brain Diseases: Challenges and Perspectives
Table 2
Frequency of antibody detection in patients with psychosis.
| Cohort |
Autoantibodies detected |
Paper | Antigen | Ig class | Frequency |
| First episode psychosis () | NMDAR | IgG | 3/46 (6.5%) |
Zandi and colleagues (2011) [16] | VGKC | IgG | 1/46 (2.2%) |
| NMDAR encephalitis (), general psychiatric disease (), schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders () | NMDAR | IgG | 3/5 (60%) (NMDAR encephalitis) 3/5 (60%) (general psychiatric disease) 4/51 (7.8%) (SZ and schizoaffective disorders) | Tsutsui and colleagues (2012) [17] |
|
Schizophrenia, acutely ill, both first episode and chronic (); major depression, acutely ill (); borderline personality disorder, acutely ill (); matched healthy controls () | | IgG | 4/121 (3.3%) (SZ) 0/70 (MD) 0/38 (BLPD) 0/230 (healthy controls)
| | NMDAR | IgA | 6/121 (5%) (SZ) 2/70 (2.9%) (MD) 0/38 (BLPD) 0/230 (healthy controls) | Steiner and colleagues (2013) [18] | | IgM | 4/121 (3.3%) (SZ) 0/70 (MD) 0/38 (BLPD) 1/230 (0.4%) (healthy controls) | |
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NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; VGKC: voltage gated potassium channel; Ig: immunoglobulin, SZ: schizophrenia; MD: major depression; BLPD: borderline personality disorder.
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