Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Immunomodulator on Cytokines Levels: An Alternative Therapy for Patients with Major Depressive Disorder

Figure 3

Serum proinflammatory cytokines detected by capture ELISSA assay in HVs and MDD patients. Patients were treated with SSRIs or SSRIs plus hDLEs during 52 weeks of study. The statistical analyses were as follows. First, the patient group before antidepressant treatment (W0) was compared with the control group (HVs). Second, the values before the antidepressant treatments (W0) were compared with those during the treatment (W5, W20, W36, or W52) in patients. Third, the data of patients at W52 versus HVs were compared. IL-2 (a), IFN-𝛾 (b), and IL-1𝛽 (c): *𝑃<0.0001, significant difference before treatments versus HVs. IL2: **𝑃<0.0001 between SSRIs treatment at W5 and W20 versus W0. ***𝑃<0.001 between SSRIs plus hDLEs treatment at (W) 5, 20, and 36 versus W0. ^&𝑃<0.0001 between SSRIs treatment at W52 versus HVs. ^&&𝑃<0.001 between SSRIs plus hDLEs treatment at W52 versus HVs. IFN-𝛾: **𝑃<0.0001 between SSRIs treatment at W5 versus W0. ^&𝑃<0.0001 between SSRIs plus hDLEs treatment at (W) 5, 20, 36, and 52 versus W0. IL-1𝛽: **𝑃<0.001 between SSRIs treatment at (W) 5, 20, 36, and 52 versus W0. ***𝑃<0.0001 between SSRIs plus hDLEs treatment at (W) 5, 20, 36, and 52 versus W0. ^&𝑃<0.0001 SSRIs treatment at W52 versus HVs. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. HVs: healthy volunteers; MDD: major depression disorder; W: weeks.

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