Review Article
Mediators of Inflammation and Their Effect on Resident Renal Cells: Implications in Lupus Nephritis
Table 1
Mediators of inflammation that play important roles in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.
| Inflammatory mediator | Putative roles in lupus nephritis |
|
IL-6 | (i) Activates B cells | ā | (ii) Induces glomerulonephritis |
IFN- | (i) Interferes with vascular repair by inducing endothelial progenitor cell apoptosis | (ii) Induces renal dysfunction, glomerulonephritis, crescent formation, and tubulointerstitial nephritis | IFN- | Promotes macrophage recruitment into the kidney and the development of glomerulonephritis |
TNF- | (i) Regulates physiological and inflammatory immune responses | (ii) Induces synthesis of IL-1 and IL-6 in mesangial cells and proximal renal tubular epithelial cells | (iii) Elicits both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory actions in lupus nephritis |
Hyaluronan (HA) | (i) Forms HA cables that can prevent leukocyte adhesion to their receptors | (ii) Induces chemokine secretion | (iii) Possesses proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties |
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