Review Article
Recent Advances in the Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Hair Loss Disease Alopecia Areata
Table 1
The mechanism of HF immune privilege.
| (i) Absent or barely detectable expression of MHC class I. | | (ii) Hair follicular melanocytes of the human anagen scalp are MHC class I-negative. | | (iii) Downregulation of the MHC class I pathway-related molecules 2-microglobulin and transportation of antigen processing-2 (TAP-2). | | (iv) Downregulation of interferon regulatory factor-1 expression. | | (v) Upregulation of immunosuppressive factors such as TGF-1 and TGF-2, ACTH, and α-MSH. | | (vi) Absence of MHC class II+ or NLDC-145+ Langerhans cells. | | (vii) Sparse distribution of NK cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. | | (viii) Absence of lymphatics. | |
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