TSE Diagnostics: Recent Advances in Immunoassaying Prions

Table 1

Summary of the methods for detection of PrP^Sc in brain tissue.

Reference	PrP source	PK	Denaturation	Antibodies	Detection method	Sensitivity*
[30]	rMoPrP, rOvPrP, rBoPrP, rHuPrP, and mice brain	−	−	C: 11G5; D: 11G5-biotin	Sandwich ELISA	6 ng of aggregated PrP
[13]	BSE bovine brain and scrapie ovine brain	+	−	C: 6H4; D: n.r.	Sandwich ELISA	6 pg rPrP/well; 30 pg/mL
[33]	Scrapie sheep brain and tonsils, BSE bovine brain, and scrapie hamster brain	+	−	D: SAF70; Secondary AB conjugated with peroxidase	ELISA	3 ng rBoPrP
[41]	sCJD human brain	+	−	C: 1E5; D: 4F7-biotin; Streptavidin-biotin-DNA	IPCR	n.r.
[42]	Scrapie hamster brain	+	−	C: 8b4 or 7A12; D: 3F4-biotin; Streptavidin-biotin-DNA	IPCR	1×104 PrP^Sc molecules/mL; or 19 fg/mL
[22]	BSE bovine brain	−	0.1 M GdnSCN	C: 6H4; D: rabbit antiserum C15S; Swine anti-rabbit Ab-HRP	Sandwich ELISA	1 ug PrP^Sc/mL
[26]	BSE bovine brain	−	1 M GdnHCl; 6 M GdnHCl	C: FH11; D: 3F4-Eu	DELFIA	36 pg PrP/well
[23]	BSE bovine brain, CWD white-tailed deer, mule deer, and elk brains	+	4 M GdnHCl	C: Fab D18; D: recFab HuM-P-Eu	DELFIA	1 ng rec 𝛽-MBo2M PrP/mL
[27]	Scrapie mouse and hamster brain	−	8 M GdnHCl; 6 M GdnHCl	C: 11G5; D: 7A12, 2F8, 8F9, and 8B4-biotin	Sandwich ELISA	0.05–5 ng rHuPrP
[24]	Scrapie sheep brain	−	6 M GdnHCl	C: FH11; D: 8H4-Eu	DELFIA	200 pg rOvPrP/well
[28]	vCJD human spleen and brain	−	2 M GdnHCl; 6 M GdnHCL	C: FH11; D: 3F4-Eu	DELFIA	10 pg rHuPrP/mL
[20]	BSE ovine brain and scrapie ovine brain	+	Heath	C: SAF34; D: Bar224-enzyme	Sandwich ELISA	n.r.
[39]	Scrapie hamster and sheep brain, CWD-infected white-tailed deer brain	−	1% SDS	C: 11F12; D: 5D6-biotin; Streptavidin-Rhodamine Red X	SOFIA	10 ag rHaPrP, rMoPrP, rOvPrP, and rDePr
[25]	TME hamster brain	+	3 M GdnSCN	D: 3F4; Goat anti-mouse-HRP	ELISA	n.r.
[37]	Paraffin-embedded scrapie ship, CWD white-tailed deer and TME cattle brains	−	Denaturation buffer (not specified)	HerdChek BSE-Scrapie Ag Test; C: polyanionic ligand; D: anti-PrP-HRP	ELISA	n.r.
[29]	CJD human brain	−	3 M GdnSCN	C: V5B2; D: EM20	DELFIA	n.r.

∗We report the sensitivity as provided by the authors because of the lack of sufficient data for converting the results to the united form.
rHuPrP: recombinant human prion protein, rMoPrP: recombinant mouse prion protein, rOvPrP: recombinant ovine prion protein, rBoPrP: recombinant bovine prion protein, rDePrP: recombinant deer prion protein, rHaPrP: recombinant hamster prion protein.
ICSM is not an acronym but a name of two anti-prion antibodies (ICSM 35, ICSM 18).