New Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Method: Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Plus Thymus Transplantation for Intractable Diseases

Table 1

Effective allo-HSCT + TT for various diseases and conditions compared with HSCT and HSCT + DLI.

Disease	Mouse model	TT	Results	Reference
(1) Autoimmune diseases
(i) Lupus-like glomerulonephritis	MRL/lpr	ATT	Treatment of the glomerulonephritis	[19]
(ii) Chronic pancreatitis	MRL/+	FTT	Treatment of the chronic pancreatitis and sialoadenitis	[20]
(2) Malignant tumor
(i) Early tumor	BALB/c with Meth-A sarcoma	ATT	Regression of tumor with low GVHD	[18]
(ii) Advanced tumor	BALB/c with Meth-A sarcoma	FTT	Long-term survival with inhibition of lung metastasis	[21]
(iii) Leukemia	B6 with EL-4 leukemia	ATT	Remission of tumor with low GVHD	[22]
(3) Aging	MRL/+	FTT	Long survival with elevation of T cell function	[20]
	SAMP 1	FTT	Same as above	[23]
(4) Use of third-party thymus tissue	B6, BALB/c, C3H (triple chimera)	FTT	Tolerance for 3 types of MHCs	[23]
(5) HSCT conditioning
(i) Low numbers of BMC	BALB/c	ATT	Long survival with high donor chimerism and low GVHD	[24]
(ii) Low-dose irradiation	BALB/c	ATT	Same as above	[24]
(iii) Supralethal irradiation	BALB/c	NTT > FTT > ATT	Rescue with improvement of intestinal injury	[25]
(6) Type 2 diabetes mellitus	db/db	NTT	Treatment of the type 2 diabetes mellitus	[26]

HSCT: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; TT: thymus transplantation; ATT: adult thymus transplantation; NTT: newborn thymus transplantation; FTT: fetal thymus transplantation.