Regulatory T Cell in Stroke: A New Paradigm for Immune Regulation

Figure 1

FoxP3⁺CD25⁺CD4⁺ Tregs in the pathogenesis of stroke. Both natural and induced FoxP3⁺CD25⁺CD4⁺ Tregs migrate into the brain parenchyma after stroke. The functional roles of FoxP3⁺CD25⁺CD4⁺ Tregs in modulation of neuroinflammation after stroke, including (1) secreting anti-inflammatory cytokines to decrease proinflammatory cytokines in periphery and brain, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and interleukin-10 (IL-10); (2) reducing Matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMM-9) to prevent blood-brain barrier disruption; (3) suppressing effector T cell both in periphery and brain; (4) inhibiting the activation of microglia. FoxP3⁺CD25⁺CD4⁺ Tregs suppress the detrimental inflammatory responses after stroke.