Sleep Loss as a Factor to Induce Cellular and Molecular Inflammatory Variations

Table 2

Sleep loss effects on immune cellular components in humans.

Sleep loss condition	Subject’s characteristics	Cells		Reference country
Sleep deprivation	11 males	Leukocyte ↑*	B lymphocytes =	[73]; Brazil
2 nights	19–29 years	Neutrophil ↑**	T lymphocytes =
Sleep restriction	10 females	WBC ↑**	B lymphocytes =	[74] Belgium
4 hours time in bed	PM-RT	Monocytes ↑*	T lymphocytes =
3 nights	55–65 years	Neutrophils ↑*
Sleep restriction	7 females, 7 males	NK =	B lymphocytes =	[76]; USA
4.5 hours time in bed	39–61 years	Monocytes =	T lymphocytes =
1 night
Sleep restriction	8 males	Neutrophils =	Lymphocytes =	[77] Belgium
4 hours time in bed	22–29 years
3 nights
Sleep restriction	13 males	Monocytes =	B lymphocytes ↑**	[75] Finland
4 hours time in bed	19–29 years	NK-cells↓**	T lymphocytes =
5 nights

The table illustrates the differences between sleep deprivation and sleep restriction upon cellular components of the immune system in humans.
Abbreviations: NK: natural killers; PM-RT: postmenopausal with replacement therapy; ↑: increase; =: not change; ↓: decrease; *significant differences with 𝑃<0.05; **significant differences with 𝑃<0.01.