Review Article

IL-17A in Human Respiratory Diseases: Innate or Adaptive Immunity? Clinical Implications

Figure 1

Sputum IL-17A mRNA levels in children with CF. Sputum mRNA was extracted from 23 children with CF aged 5–17 years, as described [47]. IL-17A mRNA levels were measured by real-time RT-PCR [44]. Sputum IL-17A mRNA levels in 9 CF children experiencing at least one exacerbation in the past 12 months (1 or more) were compared to those without exacerbation ( ). * by Mann-Withney test.
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