P53 and Expression of Immunological Markers May Identify Early Stage Thyroid Tumors

Table 2

Immunohistochemical expression of p53 protein identified as positive, using automated cellular imaging system ACIS-III quantitative analysis, according to clinicopathological features of aggressiveness and patient outcome.

Clinicopathological features (𝑁)	Quantitative analysis of p53 protein		𝑃-value
	Mean	Median
Gender (119)
Female (101)	61.92	70.70	0.2940
Male (18)	53.96	53.35
Ethnicity (115)
White (111)	77.59	83.42	0.5473
Non-White (4)	78.70	78.70
Age (119)
≤45 years old (65)	60.29	69.78	0.8791
>45 years old (54)	61.22	64.03
Smoking habit (65)
Smoker (24)	73.65	78.89	0.3998
Nonsmoker (39)	78.43	84.84
Tumor size (119)
<2 cm (63)	69.54	77.91	0.0015
2–4 cm (35)	55.80	56.93
>4 cm (21)	42.40	32.72
Extrathyroidal invasion (117)
Yes (60)	57.26	57.12	0.0969
No (57)	65.73	78.72
Capsulation (102)
Yes (30)	65.53	71.74	0.0762
No (72)	54.47	53.45
Multifocality (119)
Yes (45)	53.27	55.08	0.0286
No (74)	65.24	74.14
Metastasis at diagnosis (119)
Present (43)	51.34	46.01	0.0201
Absent (76)	66.02	75.75
Thyroiditis (119)
Present (39)	69.38	78.72	0.0486
Absent (80)	56.49	57.12
Disease stage (TNM) (124)
I (79)	62.23	70.70	0.6140
II (13)	58.32	74.44
III (15)	51.35	53.59
IV (1)	86.87	—
IVa (11)	55.87	57.31
IVb (4)	43.29	41.02
IVc (1)	56.93	—
Outcome (109)
Free of disease (100)	58.26	60.14	0.9605
Recurrent (9)	57.14	57.31