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Journal of Immunology Research
Volume 2014 (2014), Article ID 315179, 18 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/315179
Review Article

Current Concepts and Future Directions for the Assessment of Autoantibodies to Cellular Antigens Referred to as Anti-Nuclear Antibodies

Michael Mahler,1 Pier-Luigi Meroni,2 Xavier Bossuyt,3 and Marvin J. Fritzler4

1INOVA Diagnostics, Inc., 9900 Old Grove Road, San Diego, CA 92131-1638, USA
2Rheumatology & Experimental Laboratory of Immuno-rheumatology, University of Milan, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via G. Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
3Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium
4Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1

Received 13 December 2013; Accepted 27 January 2014; Published 27 April 2014

Academic Editor: Ghislain Opdenakker

Copyright © 2014 Michael Mahler et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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