Review Article

Current Concepts and Future Directions for the Assessment of Autoantibodies to Cellular Antigens Referred to as Anti-Nuclear Antibodies

Table 7

Automated digital ANA reading systems.

InstrumentNOVA ViewAKLIDESEUROPatternImage NavigatorHeliosZENIT G Sight

ManufacturerINOVA diagnosticsMedipanEuroimmunImmunoconceptsAeskuMenarini

LIMS connection (software)Yes
(QUANTA Link)
Yes (system independent, standard XML interface)Yes (EUROLabOffice)Yes (direct)
Optional: lab traffic control
Yes (direct)
Optional: Aesku.Lab middleware
Yes (ZenIT)

Slide identification via barcode Yes by handheld scannerYes by handheld scannerYes by integrated scannerYesYes by integrated scannerYes by integrated scanner

Loading capacity5 slides
(up to 60 wells)
5 slides
(up to 60 wells)
50 slides
(up to 500 wells)
4 slides
(up to 84 wells)
20 slides
(up to 240 wells)
5 slides
(up to 70 wells)

Image acquisition speed~45 s/well for 3 images~40 s/well<20 s/well~25 s/well for 4 images10 s/picture Customizable from 1 to 10 images>60 s/well
number of pictures: 5 (small scan), 50 (medium scan), or 220 (full scan)

100% QC for substrate and process integrity/counterstainingYes/DAPIYes/DAPIYes/Propidium iodideNone/NoneNone/NoneNone/None

Automatic pos./neg. discrimination incl. presorting of imagesYesYesYesYesYesYes

Batchwise verification of negative samplesYesYesYesYesYesYes

Automatic pattern recognitionYesYesYesNoNoYes

Pattern Analysis methodPattern recognition by mathematical algorithmPattern recognition by mathematical algorithmPattern recognition by mathematical algorithmNo pattern matching capabilitiesNo pattern matching capabilitiesPattern recognition by mathematical algorithm

Number of recognizable ANA staining pattern list out6
Homogeneous
Speckled
Centromere
Nucleolar
Nuclear dot
Cytoplasm
Negative
Positive unrecognized
10
Homogeneous
Speckled
Centromere
Nucleolar
Nuclear dot
Cytoplasm
Negative
Positive unrecognized
8
Homogeneous
Speckled
Centromere
Nucleolar
Nuclear dot
Cytoplasm
Negative
Nuclear rim
Mixed pattern
mitotic
NoneNone5
Homogeneous
Speckled
Centromere
Nucleolar
Cytoplasm
Negative

Analysis of mixed staining patternLimited (homogeneous/
nucleolar)
YesYesNoNoNo

Merged results per patient (different dilutions)YesYesYesYesYesYes

Final result validation possible while system processes remaining samplesYesNoYesYesYesNo

Instrument calibration to minimize variabilityYesYesYesYesYesNo

Integration with slide processing in 1 instrumentNoNoNoNoYesNo