HLA Associations and Clinical Implications in T-Cell Mediated Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions: An Updated Review

Table 1

Associations of SCARs and delayed-type drug hypersensitivity and HLA alleles.

Causative drug	HLA allele	Hypersensitivity reactions	Ethnicity	Odds ratio; (95% CI)	Reference
Abacavir	B*57:01	Abacavir hypersensitivity	Caucasians	117 (29–481)	[48]
Allopurinol	B*58:01	SJS/TEN/DRESS	Asians	74.18 (26.95–204.14)	[34]
			Non-Asians	101.45 (44.98–228.82)	[34]
Carbamazepine	B*15:02	SJS/TEN	Han Chinese	115.32 (18.17–732.13)	[17]
			Thai	54.43 (16.28–181.96)	[17]
			Malaysians	221.00 (3.85–12694.65)	[17]
			Indians	54.60 (2.25–1326.20)	[17]
	B*15:08		Indians	nd	[15]
	B*15:11		Japanese	16.3 (4.76–55.61)	[23]
			Koreans	18.0 (2.3–141.2)	[22]
			Mainland China Han Chinese	31.00 (2.74–350.50)	[24]
	B*15:18		Japanese	13.58 (nd)	[25]
	A*31:01	DRESS	Han Chinese	23.0 (4.2–125)	[20]
			Europeans	57.6 (11.0–340)	[20]
		SJS/TEN	Europeans	4.4 (1.1–17.3)	[20]
			All populations	3.94 (1.4–11.5)	[20]
		SJS/TEN	Europeans	25.93 (4.93–116.18)	[19]
		DRESS	Europeans	12.41 (1.27–121.03)	[19]
		MPE	Europeans	8.33 (3.59–19.36)	[19]
		SJS/TEN/DRESS	Japanese	10.8 (5.9–19.6)	[18]
Dapsone	B*13:01	DRESS	Mainland China Han Chinese	20.53 (11.55–36.48)	[61]
Lamotrigine	B*15:02	SJS/TEN	Han Chinese	3.59 (1.15–11.22)	[27]
Nevirapine	DRB1*01:01	DRESS/MPE	Australians	depend on CD4 T-cells count	[56]
	B*14:02		Sardinians	nd	[58]
	B*35:05		Thai	18.96 (4.87–73.44)	[57]
	Cw8		Sardinians, Japanese	nd	[58, 59]
Oxcarbazepine	B*15:02	SJS/TEN	Taiwan Han Chinese	80.7 (3.8–1714.4)	[30]
Phenytoin	B*15:02	SJS/TEN	Han Chinese	4.26 (1.93–9.39)	[27]

DRESS: drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms.
MPE: maculopapular eruption.
SCARs: severe cutaneous adverse reactions to drugs.
SJS: Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
TEN: toxic epidermal necrolysis.
CI: confidence interval.
nd: no data.