Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor-1 Antagonists as Modulators of Innate Immune Cell Function

Table 2

Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor-1-independent anti-inflammatory activities of montelukast, pranlukast, and zafirlukast.

Anti-inflammatory activity	Cell type	Antagonist
↓ Activity of 5-lipoxygenase [26, 30, 31]*	Neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages	Montelukast and zafirlukast
Inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases [26, 32]	Neutrophils (also described in airway smooth muscle cells)	Montelukast
↓ Activity of NFκB [29, 34–36]	Monocytes/macrophages (also described in T cells, epithelial cells and endothelial cells)	Montelukast and pranlukast
Inhibition of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 [37]	Monocytes/macrophages	Montelukast, pranlukast, and zafirlukast
↓ Eosinophil adhesion and migration [38, 39]	Eosinophils	Montelukast
↑ Activity of AMP-activated protein kinase [43]	Relevance to cells of the innate immune system not yet established	Pranlukast
Antagonism of P2Y receptors [31]	Monocytes/macrophages	Montelukast and zafirlukast

∗denotes relevant references cited in the text.