Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor-1 Antagonists as Modulators of Innate Immune Cell Function

Table 3

Pathological conditions involving multiple organ systems which may be amenable to therapy with montelukast, pranlukast, or zafirlukast.

System	Leukotriene receptor antagonist
	Montelukast	Pranlukast	Zafirlukast
Respiratory	(i) Bronchiolitis obliterans [139]; (ii) Acute lung injury (ARDS) [134, 140]; (iii) Eosinophilic-mediated lung inflammation [141]; (iv) Cystic fibrosis [142]	(i) Pulmonary fibrosis [143, 144]; (ii) Lung remodeling [145]; (iii) Diffuse panbronchiolitis [146]	(i) COPD [133, 147]; (ii) Bronchiectasis [148]
Gastrointestinal	(i) Eosinophilic gastroenteritis [136]; (ii) Eosinophilic esophagitis [149]; (iii) Irritable bowel syndrome [137]; (iv) Portal hypertension [150]	(i) Gastric mucosal protection [151]; (ii) Primary biliary cirrhosis [152]; (iii) NSAID-induced intestinal damage [153]	Hepatorenal syndrome [154]
Neurological		(i) Alzheimer’s disease [155, 156]; (ii) Epilepsy [157]; (iii) Acute cerebral ischemia [158, 159]; (iv) Hypothermia-induced brain injury [160]	Autoimmune encephalomyelitis [161]
Dermatological	(i) Atopic dermatitis [162]; (ii) Idiopathic urticaria [163]		Psoriasis [164, 165]
Cardiovascular	(i) Hypoxic myocardium [166]; (ii) Atherosclerosis [138]
Immunological	Systemic mastocytosis [167]	Endotoxin-induced shock [168]
Other	(i) Graves’ orbitopathy [169]; (ii) Obstructive sleep apnea [170]; (iii) Allergic conjunctivitis [137]; (iv) Interstitial cystitis [137]	(i) Metastatic disease [171]; (ii) Otitis media [172]	(i) Capsular contracture [173]; (ii) Prostatitis [174]; (iii) Candidiasis [175]

The relevant references are cited in parentheses.