Uncomplicated Diverticular Disease: Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Human Gut Mucosa before and after Rifaximin

Figure 1

Expression of TLRs in lymphocytes. (a, b) TLR2 and TLR4 in peripheral blood lymphocytes, at baseline and after Rifaximin and placebo treatments. (c, d) TLR2 and TLR4 in sigma mucosa lymphocytes at baseline and after Rifaximin and placebo treatments. (e) TLR2 and TLR4 in transverse mucosa lymphocytes at baseline and after Rifaximin treatment. The values reported in box-and-whiskers plots show the minimum, the 25th percentile, the median, the 75th percentile, and the maximum. In particular, the whiskers go down to the smallest value (minimum) and up to the largest one (maximum), the top and bottom of the box are the 25th and 75th percentiles, and the line in the middle of the box is the median corresponding to 50th percentile (^∗∗∗𝑃<0.001, ^∗∗𝑃<0.01, ^∗𝑃<0.05 patients versus control (health or baseline)); ^§§𝑃<0.01, ^§𝑃<0.05 between treatments. Healthy control (CTR), UDD patients (PZ), before Rifaximin (BR), after Rifaximin (AR), before placebo (BP), and after placebo (AP).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)