Clinical Relevance of HLA Antibody Monitoring after Kidney Transplantation

Table 1

Risk factors for the de novo development of DSA.

Risk factor	Reference
Retransplantation	[21]
HLA antibodies before transplantation	[16, 21]
Young age (18–35 years old)	[16]
Deceased donor transplantation	[16]
DR, DQ mismatch	[16, 22]
Nonadherence	[4, 15]
Insufficient immunosuppression	[17]
Inflammation (i.e., infection)	[18, 19]
(Subclinical) T-cell-mediated rejection	[7, 15]