Administration of Bifidobacterium breve PS12929 and Lactobacillus salivarius PS12934, Two Strains Isolated from Human Milk, to Very Low and Extremely Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: A Pilot Study

Table 2

Frequency and concentration of immune compounds in fecal samples () along time.

	Day 0 ()		Day 7 ()		Day 14 ()		value^*
	(%)	Median (IQR)	(%)	Median (IQR)	(%)	Median (IQR)
		(mg/kg)		(mg/kg)		(mg/kg)
Immunoglobulins
IgG1	5 (100)	3.95 (1.23–6.36)	4 (100)	0.45 (0.23–0.80)	5 (100)	1.26 (0.47–2.43)	0.819
IgG2	5 (100)	23.82 (23.19–24.17)	4 (100)	2.98 (2.46–3.97)	5 (100)	2.66 (2.60–3.62)	0.074
IgG3	4 (80)	0.02 (0.01–0.02)	1 (25)	0.01 (0.01–0.01)	2 (40)	0.22 (0.11–0.32)	0.424
IgG4	5 (100)	0.03 (0.02–0.14)	4 (100)	0.02 (0.01–0.03)	5 (100)	0.03 (0.00–0.06)	0.449
IgM	4 (80)	2.72 (0.19–8.73)	3 (75)	1.10 (0.87–6.00)	5 (100)	2.79 (0.44–10.02)	0.819
IgA	5 (100)	3.57 (0.88–21.73)	4 (100)	201.23 (35.09–356.74)	5 (100)	7.49 (2.96–7.78)	0.074
		(ng/kg)		(ng/kg)		(ng/kg)
Proinflammatory
Calprotectin	5 (100)	309.50 (282.00–343.90)	4 (100)	144.80 (132.30–180.40)	5 (100)	38.42 (34.16–63.96)	0.041
	1 (20)	31.47	3 (75)	41.34 (8.00–74.68)	3 (60)	39.20 (−36.24–114.64)	0.937
IL-2	1 (20)	8.47	1 (25)	8.18	0 (0)	—	0.368
IL-6	0 (0)	—	0 (0)	—	1 (20)	27.44	0.368
IL-12 (p70)	2 (40)	29.07 (28.82–29.32)	2 (50)	37.13 (36.38–37.89)	1 (20)	82.98	0.926
IL-17	2 (40)	72.94 (62.76–83.11)	2 (50)	66.08 (64.46–67.71)	2 (40)	69.31 (65.15–73.48)	1.000
IFN-γ	4 (80)	214.90 (190.40–238.30)	4 (100)	299.80 (255.40–320.80)	4 (80)	248.10 (215.80–265.50)	0.449
TNF-α	1 (20)	20.87	0 (0)	—	0 (0)	—	0.368
		(ng/kg)		(ng/kg)		(ng/kg)
Anti-inflammatory
IL-4	3 (60)	2.74 (2.43–3.48)	4 (100)	2.63 (2.49–2.85)	3 (60)	2.12 (2.06–2.26)	0.268
IL-5	0 (0)	—	0 (0)	—	0 (0)	—	—
IL-10	1 (20)	25.62	2 (50)	37.21 (35.85–38.57)	3 (60)	39.20 (38.66–53.87)	0.319
IL-13	0 (0)	—	0 (0)	—	0 (0)	—	—
		(ng/kg)		(ng/kg)		(ng/kg)
Chemokines
IL-8	4 (80)	20.94 (19.00–23.82)	3 (75)	16.16 (15.56–17.20)	2 (40)	17.05 (16.45–17.64)	0.128
GRO-α	5 (100)	206.30 (117.04–295.57)	3 (75)	222.10 (−77.61–521.80)	4 (80)	263.50 (261.05–265.88)	0.763
MCP-1	5 (100)	20.08 (15.02–28.89)	2 (50)	18.37 (16.82–19.93)	3 (60)	16.98 (14.21–17.34)	0.076
MIP-1β	5 (100)	53.79 (52.03–68.66)	4 (100)	58.16 (46.46–66.42)	4 (80)	49.60 (35.16–69.89)	0.449
		(ng/kg)		(ng/kg)		(ng/kg)
Haematopoietic stimuli
IL-7	0 (0)	—	0 (0)	—	0 (0)	—	—
G-CSF	1 (20)	28.99	0 (0)	—	0 (0)	—	0.368
GM-CSF	5 (100)	1729.00 (1086.00–2312.00)	4 (100)	1830.00 (1648.00–2010.00)	4 (80)	1879.00 (1783.00–1920.00)	0.819

Levels of immune compounds were expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR) when data were not normally distributed and as mean and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) when they were. ^*Friedman test was used to determine the differences between fecal samples along time when data were not normally distributed and one-way ANOVA when they were. ^†Concentration was expressed as ng/Kg of feces for all the proinflammatory parameters with the exception of calprotectin whose units were mg/Kg. Normally distributed.