Journal of Immunology Research / 2015 / Article / Tab 1 / Review Article
The Influence and Role of Microbial Factors in Autoimmune Kidney Diseases: A Systematic Review Table 1 Study characteristics of relevant studies in ANCA-associated vasculitis are shown. Most reports investigated the role of
Staphylococcus aureus in GPA, but more recently a role of molecular mimicry with Gram negative bacteria was proposed as investigated by Kain et al. as well as by Peschel et al. [
19 ,
20 ,
23 ] and Roth et al. [
21 ].
Reference Design Disease Subjects Biological agents Stegeman et al. [12 ] Cohort study GPA 71 humans Staphylococcus aureus Stegeman et al. [13 ] RCT GPA 81 humans Staphylococcus aureus Zycinska et al. [14 ] Cohort study GPA 28 humans Staphylococcus aureus Popa et al. [15 ] Cohort study GPA 62 humans Staphylococcus aureus Popa et al. [16 ] (1) Cross sectional GPA (1) 36 humans Staphylococcus aureus Brons et al. [17 ] Cell study GPA Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), glomerular endothelial cells Staphylococcus aureus Savige et al. [18 ] Animal study AAV (1) 7 adult male Wistar rats (1) Staphylococcus aureus Escherichia coli Kain et al. [19 ] Cross sectional Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis 16 humans Molecular mimicry with Gram negative bacteria Kain et al. [20 ] (1) Cross sectional Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis (1) 246 humans Molecular mimicry with Gram negative bacteria Roth et al. [21 ] (1) Cross sectional ANCA (1) 680 patients Molecular mimicry with Gram negative bacteria Huugen et al. [22 ] Animal study Anti-MPO IgG-induced vasculitis Mpo −/− mice and C57BL/6 miceBacterial lipopolysaccharide Peschel et al. [23 ] Cross sectional ANCA (1) 11 humans Molecular mimicry with Gram negative bacteria
