The Influence and Role of Microbial Factors in Autoimmune Kidney Diseases: A Systematic Review
Table 5
Study characteristics of relevant studies in systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis are shown. Most experience is gathered from mouse models with induction of lupus-specific antibodies after injection of lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide along with specific bacterial strains was capable of worsening kidney involvement in lupus mouse models, indicating a potential role of bacterial antigens in the progression of lupus nephritis.