Treatment of Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: The Rationale of Current Management—An Insight into Future Approaches

Figure 1

Mechanisms of action of potential future therapeutic tools in APS. ROS: reactive oxygen species; β2GPI: β2 glycoprotein I; aβ2GPI: antibodies against β2GPI; PDI: protein disulfide isomerase; ACEi: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; TLR: Toll-like receptor; TF: tissue factor; eNOS: endothelial nitric oxide synthase; GP: glycoprotein; IL: interleukin; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin.